Biharmonic curves in Minkowski -space英文文献资料.docVIP

BIHARMONICCURVESINMINKOWSKI3-SPACE JUN-ICHI INOGUCHI Received 13August 2002 Wegiveadi?erential geometric interpretation fortheclassi?cation ofbiharmonic curves insemi-Euclidean 3-space due toChen and Ishikawa (1991). 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi?cation: 53A04, 53C50. 1. Introduction. ChenandIshikawa[1]classi?edbiharmoniccurvesinsemi- Euclidean space Enν. They showed that every biharmonic curve lies in a 3- dimensionaltotallygeodesicsubspace.Thus,itsu?cestoclassifybiharmonic curvesinsemi-Euclidean 3-space. Inthisnote,wepointoutthateverybiharmonic FrenetcurveinMinkowski 3-spaceE31 isahelixwhosecurvature κ andtorsionτ satisfyκ2=τ2. 2. Preliminaries. Let(M3,h)beatime-oriented Lorentz3-manifold. Letγ: I → M be a unit speed curve. Namely, the velocity vector ?eld γ satis?es h(γ,γ) = ε = ±1. The constant ε is called the causal character of γ . A 1 1 unit speed curve is said to be spacelike or timelike ifits causal character is1 or?1,respectively. A unit speed curve γ is said to be a geodesic if ?γγ =0. Here, ? is the Levi-Civita connection of(M,h). A unit speed curve γ is said to be a Frenet curve if h(γ,γ) = 0. Like Euclideangeometry,everyFrenetcurveγin(M,h)admitsaFrenetframe?eld along γ. Here, a Frenet frame ?eld P =(p1,p2,p3) is an orthonormal frame ?eld along γ such that p =γ(s) and P satis?es the following Frenet-Serret 1 formula (cf.[2];seealso[4,5]): ? ? 0 ?ε1κ 0 ?ε3τ 0 ? ? ?γP=P ?ε2κ ε2τ?. (2.1) ? ? 0 0 The functions κ≥0 and τ are called the curvature and torsion , respectively. Thevector?eldsp ,p ,andp arecalledtangentvector?eld,principalnormal 1 2 3 vector?eld,andbinormal vector?eld ofγ,respectively. Theconstants ε2 ε3 de?nedby and  εi=h pi,pi , i=2,3 (2.2)  1366 JUN-ICHI INOGUCHI arecalledsecondcausalcharacter andthirdcausalcharacter ofγ ,respectively. Notethatε3=?ε1·ε2. AsinthecaseofRiemanniangeometry,aFrenetcurveγisageodesicifand onlyifκ=0. AFrenetcurvewithconstant curvature andzerotorsioniscalledapseudo- cir