Boundedness and surjectivity in normed spaces英文文献资料.docVIP

PII.S0161171202011596 BOUNDEDNESSANDSURJECTIVITYINNORMEDSPACES OLAVNYGAARD Received 24January 2001 and inrevised form 6June 2001 Wede?ne the (w?-)boundedness property and the (w?-)surjectivity property forsets in normedspaces.Weshowthattheseproperties arepairwiseequivalent incomplete normed spaces bycharacterizing them interms ofacategory-like property called (w?-)thickness. We give examples of interesting sets having or not having these properties. In particular, weprovethatthetensorproduct oftwow?-thicksetsinX??andY?isaw?-thicksubset inL(X,Y)? and obtain asaconsequence that the setw?-expBK(l )? isw?-thick. 2 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi?cation: 46B20, 46B25, 28A33, 30H05. 1. Introduction. Thefollowingquestionisfundamental inthetheoryoflinearop- erators: given two topological vector spaces U and V.Suppose we are given alinear continuousoperatorT :U→V andsupposewecanshowthattherangeofT contains acertain setA?V.Arethere properties (S) such that thefollowing istrue: ifAhas theproperty (S),thenT mustbeonto? Inonedimension thefollowing isofcoursetrue:supposeA?V contains onepoint di?erent from the origin. Then TU ?A implies TU =V. In arbitrary n-dimensional spaces V the theorem goes like this: suppose A?V contains n independent vectors. ThenTU?AimpliesTU=V. Thus, the question is easy in ?nite-dimensional spaces. When V does not have ?nitely many dimensions, the question is not easy. The problem is, naively spoken, that operators may very well have dense range without being onto. But from classi- caltheorems weknowsomething, forexample,whenV isanormedspaceandU isa Banachspace,itwasshownalreadybyBanachinthetwentiesthatifA?V isofsecond (Baire-)categoryinV,thenTU?AimpliesTU=V. However, there are examples of “smaller” sets than second category sets which allow one to draw the conclusion that the operator is onto. An example of such a situationisprovidedbytakingV =
∞andAasthesetof0-1sequences(thisfollows asaspecialcaseofSeever’stheo