Calcium-induced aggregation of archaeal bipolar tetraether liposomes derived from the thermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius英文文献资料.docVIP

Archaea 1, 175–183 ? 2003 Heron Publishing—Victoria, Canada Calcium-induced aggregation of archaeal bipolar tetraether liposomes derived from the thermoacidophilic archaeonSulfolobusacidocaldarius ROBY KANICHAY,1 LAWRENCE T. BONI,2 PETER H. COOKE,3 TAPAN K. KHAN1 and PARKSON LEE-GAU CHONG1,4 1 Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA 2 Transave Inc., 11 Deer Park Drive, Suite 117, Monmouth, NJ 08852, USA 3 USDA, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA 4 Author to whom correspondence should be addressed (pchong02@) Received November 18, 2002; accepted June 22, 2003; published online July 18, 2003 Summary Previously, we showed that the proton permeabil- PLFE contains a mixture of bipolar tetraether lipids with either a glycerol dialkyl calditol tetraether (GDNT; also called caldi- toglycerocaldarchaeol) or a glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetra- ether (GDGT; also called caldarchaeol) skeleton (Figure 1) (Lo and Chang 1990, Sugai et al. 1995, Gliozzi et al. 2002). Both GDGT and GDNT have bisubstituted polar head groups and are thus designated bipolar tetraether lipids. Glycerol dialkyl calditol tetraether (~90% of total PLFE) has phospho- myo-inositol on the glycerol end andβ-glucose on the calditol end, whereas GDGT (~10% of total PLFE) has phospho- myo-inositol attached to one glycerol andβ-D-galactosyl-D- glucose to the other glycerol skeleton. The phospho-myo- inositol groups of PLFE lipids are oriented toward the cyto- plasmic side of the cell’s plasma membrane (De Rosa et al. 1983). The nonpolar regions of these lipids consist of a pair of 40-carbon biphytanyl chains, each of which contains up to four cyclopentane rings. The number of cyclopentane rings in- creases with increasing growth temperature (De Rosa et al. 1980). In aqueous solution, PLFE lipids form stable multilamellar and unilamellar liposomes (Lo and Chang 19