Calculation of Effective Earth Radius and Point Refractivity Gradient in UAE英文文献资料.docVIP

Calculation of Effective Earth Radius and Point Refractivity Gradient in UAE英文文献资料.doc

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Calculation of Effective Earth Radius and Point Refractivity Gradient in UAE英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation Volume2010,ArticleID245070,4pages doi:10.1155/2010/245070 ResearchArticle CalculationofEffectiveEarthRadiusandPointRefractivity GradientinUAE AbdulhadiAbu-AlmalandKifahAl-Ansari ElectricalEngineeringDepartment,AjmanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Al-Jurf,P.O.Box346Ajman,UAE CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoKifahAl-Ansari,anac.kifah@ajman.ac.ae Received1April2010;Accepted21May2010 AcademicEditor:TatYeo Copyright?2010A.Abu-AlmalandK.Al-Ansari. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis properlycited. Alargesetof14yearsofreliablelocalradiosondemeteorologicaldata,from1990to2003,hasbeenusedtocalculatethee?ective EarthradiusandpointrefractivitygradientintheUnitedArabEmirates.Theobtainedvaluesareusedtoinvestigatetheirimpact onthedesignofmicrowavelinks.Thecumulativedistributionoftherefractivitygradientinthe?rst65metersabovetheground surface,themonthlydistributionforthemedianvalueofthek-factor,aswellastheircomparisonwiththeITU-mapsareprovided. Bothexperimentalandglobalstandardvaluesareappliedtospeci?clinkbudgetcalculations. 1.Introduction 1.1.E?ectiveEarthRadius. Itistheradiusofahypothetical sphericalEarth,withoutatmosphere,forwhichpropagation pathsfollowstraightlines,theheightsandgrounddistances beingthesameasfortheactualEarthinanatmospherewith aconstantverticalgradientofrefractivity[3]. Thek-factorcanbederivedfromtheverticalrefractivity gradient,ΔN,inthe?rstkilometerabovetheground.Itis obtainedfromtworefractivityvalues,Ns,surfacerefractivity, andN1,refractivityat1kmheightabovetheground.Since dataatexactheightsarenotavailable,thefollowingequation isused[4]: Radiowavesmaybendwhilepropagatingthroughdi?erent atmospheric layers due to variations of refractivity. These variations are determined by meteorological conditions, mainlytemperatureandhumidity,whichares

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