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Calculation of Effective Earth Radius and Point Refractivity Gradient in UAE英文文献资料
HindawiPublishingCorporation
InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation
Volume2010,ArticleID245070,4pages
doi:10.1155/2010/245070
ResearchArticle
CalculationofEffectiveEarthRadiusandPointRefractivity
GradientinUAE
AbdulhadiAbu-AlmalandKifahAl-Ansari
ElectricalEngineeringDepartment,AjmanUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Al-Jurf,P.O.Box346Ajman,UAE
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoKifahAl-Ansari,anac.kifah@ajman.ac.ae
Received1April2010;Accepted21May2010
AcademicEditor:TatYeo
Copyright?2010A.Abu-AlmalandK.Al-Ansari. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons
AttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkis
properlycited.
Alargesetof14yearsofreliablelocalradiosondemeteorologicaldata,from1990to2003,hasbeenusedtocalculatethee?ective
EarthradiusandpointrefractivitygradientintheUnitedArabEmirates.Theobtainedvaluesareusedtoinvestigatetheirimpact
onthedesignofmicrowavelinks.Thecumulativedistributionoftherefractivitygradientinthe?rst65metersabovetheground
surface,themonthlydistributionforthemedianvalueofthek-factor,aswellastheircomparisonwiththeITU-mapsareprovided.
Bothexperimentalandglobalstandardvaluesareappliedtospeci?clinkbudgetcalculations.
1.Introduction
1.1.E?ectiveEarthRadius. Itistheradiusofahypothetical
sphericalEarth,withoutatmosphere,forwhichpropagation
pathsfollowstraightlines,theheightsandgrounddistances
beingthesameasfortheactualEarthinanatmospherewith
aconstantverticalgradientofrefractivity[3].
Thek-factorcanbederivedfromtheverticalrefractivity
gradient,ΔN,inthe?rstkilometerabovetheground.Itis
obtainedfromtworefractivityvalues,Ns,surfacerefractivity,
andN1,refractivityat1kmheightabovetheground.Since
dataatexactheightsarenotavailable,thefollowingequation
isused[4]:
Radiowavesmaybendwhilepropagatingthroughdi?erent
atmospheric layers due to variations of refractivity. These
variations are determined by meteorological conditions,
mainlytemperatureandhumidity,whichares
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