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Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy axiomatic characterization and application英文文献资料.doc

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Boltzmann-Gibbs entropy axiomatic characterization and application英文文献资料

Internat. J.Math. Math. Sci. Vol.23,No.4(2000)243–251 S0161171200000375 ?Hindawi Publishing Corp. BOLTZMANN-GIBBSENTROPY:AXIOMATIC CHARACTERIZATIONANDAPPLICATION C.G.CHAKRABARTI andKAJAL DE (Received 15August 1997 and inrevised form 10April 1998) Abstract. Wepresentaxiomaticcharacterizations ofbothBoltzmann andGibbsentropies together with anapplication. Keywords andphrases. Degree ofdisorder, Boltzmann entropy, Gibbs entropy, axiomatic characterization, total entropy. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classi?cation. Primary 82B03. 1. Introduction. The concept of entropy isfundamental in the foundation of sta- tistical physics. It?rstappeared inthermodynamics through thesecond lawofther- modynamics. The notion ofentropy has been broadened bythe advent ofstatistical mechanics and has been still further broadened by the later advent of information theory. Instatisticalmechanics,Boltzmannwasthe?rsttogiveastatisticaloraprobabilis- tic de?nition of entropy. Boltzmann entropy is de?ned for a macroscopic state of a system while Gibbs entropy is de?ned over an ensemble, that is over the probabil- itydistribution ofmacrostates. BothBoltzmann andGibbs entropies are,infact,the pillarsofthefoundation ofstatistical mechanics andarethebasisofalltheentropy conceptsinmodernphysics.Alotofworkonthemathematicalanalysisandpractical applications ofbothBoltzmann andGibbsentropieswasdone[13],yetthesubjectis notclosed,butisopenawaitingalotofworkontheircharacterization,interpretation, andgeneralization. Inthispaper,wehaveconsideredthreeproblems.The?rstistheaxiomaticcharac- terizationofBoltzmannentropy.Basisofthischaracterization istheCarnop’snotion of“degree ofdisorder” [2].Thesecond isconcerned withthederivation ofGibbsen- tropyfromBoltzmannentropy,itsgeneralization,andaxiomaticcharacterizationand thethirddealswiththederivation ofBoltzmann entropyforclassical systemconsis- tentwiththeaboveformalism. 2. Boltzmann entropy: axiomatic characterization. In statistical mechanics, we are int