Causes and Mechanisms of Intrauterine Hypoxia and Its Impact on the Fetal Cardiovascular System A Review英文文献资料.docVIP

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Causes and Mechanisms of Intrauterine Hypoxia and Its Impact on the Fetal Cardiovascular System A Review英文文献资料.doc

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Causes and Mechanisms of Intrauterine Hypoxia and Its Impact on the Fetal Cardiovascular System A Review英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofPediatrics Volume2010,ArticleID401323,9pages doi:10.1155/2010/401323 ReviewArticle CausesandMechanismsofIntrauterineHypoxiaandIts ImpactontheFetalCardiovascularSystem:AReview DamianHutter, JohnKingdom, andEdgarJaeggi 1 2 3 1 2 3 PediatricCriticalCareMedicineandPediatricCardiology,UniversityChildren’sHospital,3010Berne,Switzerland DepartmentofObstetricsGynecology,MountSinaiHospital,Toronto,ON,CanadaM5G1X5 DivisionofCardiology,HospitalforSickChildren,Toronto,ON,CanadaM5G1X8 CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoDamianHutter,damian.hutter@insel.ch Received18March2010;Revised4August2010;Accepted16September2010 AcademicEditor:AnitaJ.Moon-Grady Copyright?2010DamianHutteretal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. Untiltodaytheroleofoxygeninthedevelopmentofthefetusremainscontroversiallydiscussed.Itisstillbelievedthatlackof oxygeninuteromightberesponsibleforsomeoftheknowncongenitalcardiovascularmalformations.Overthelasttwodecades detailedresearchhasgivenusnewinsightsandabetterunderstandingofembryogenesisandfetalgrowth.Butmostimportantly ithasrepeatedlydemonstratedthatoxygenonlyplaysaminorroleintheearlyintrauterinedevelopment.Afterorganogenesis hastakenplacehypoxiabecomesmoreimportantduringthesecondandthirdtrimesterofpregnancywhenfetalgrowthoccurs. Thisreviewwillbrie?yadresscausesandmechanismsleadingtointrauterinehypoxiaandtheirimpactonthefetalcardiovascular system. 1.Introduction 2.NormalPregnancy Embryogenesis, fetal growth, and survival of the perinatal periodalldependonoptimalmaternalhealthandnormal placentaldevelopment.Maternalexposuretoapersistently hypoxic environment may lead to critical injury to vital organs.Failureofthenormalplacentalfunctionmayhave profoundacuteandchronice?ectsonthedevelopingfetus andleadtointrauterinegrowthrestriction(IU