Cereal-forage crop rotations and irrigation treatment effect on water use efficiency and crops sustainability in Mediterranean environment英文文献资料.docVIP

Vol.3, No.1, 44-57 (2012) Agricultural Sciences /10.4236/as.2012.31007 Cereal-forage crop rotations and irrigation treatment effect on water use efficiency and crops sustainability in Mediterranean environment Pasquale Martiniello Agricultural Research Council, Unit for Extensive Animal Production, Muro Lucano (Potenza), Italy; pasquale.martiniello@entecra.it, pasquale-martiniello@alice.it Received 6 September 2011; revised 17 November 2011; accepted 7 December 2011 ABSTRACT tions) for dry mater production (15.5 in meadow and 17.5 in mixture [L water (kg·dry·matter) 1] and wheat seed yield. The effect of agronomic advantages achieved by forage crops in topsoil expire its effect after three years of continuous wheat rotation. ? Agricultural systems based on crop rotations favour sustainability of cultivation and produc- tivity of the crops. Wheat-forage crops rotations (annual winter binary mixture and perennial al- falfa meadow) combined with irrigation are the agronomical techniques able to better exploit the weather resources in Mediterranean envi- ronments. The experiment aimed to study the effect of 18 years of combined effect of irrigation and continuous durum wheat and wheat-forage rotations on productivities of crops and organic matter of topsoil. The experiments were estab- lished through 1991-2008 under rainfed and ir- rigated treatments and emphasized on the effect of irrigation and continuous wheat and wheat- forage crop rotations on water use efficiency and sustainability of organic matter. The effect of irrigation increased 49.1% and 66.9% the dry matter of mixture and meadow, respectively. Continuous wheat rotation reduced seed yield, stability of production, crude protein character- istics of kernel and soil organic matter. The yearly gain in wheat after forage crops was 0.04 t (ha·yr)–1 under rainfed and 0.07 t (ha·yr)–1 under irrigation treatments. The