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Adaptive Evolution in Zinc Finger Transcription Factors 英文参考文献
AdaptiveEvolutioninZincFingerTranscriptionFactors
RyanO.Emerson,JamesH.Thomas*
DepartmentofGenomeSciences,UniversityofWashington,Seattle,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica
Abstract
The majority of human genes are conserved among mammals, but some gene families have undergone extensive
expansioninparticularlineages.Here,wepresentanevolutionaryanalysisofonesuchgenefamily,thepoly–zinc-finger
(poly-ZF)genes.Thehumangenomeencodesapproximately700membersofthepoly-ZFfamilyofputativetranscriptional
repressors,manyofwhichhaveassociatedKRAB,SCAN,orBTBdomains.Analysisofthegenefamilyacrossthetreeoflife
indicates that the gene family arose from a small ancestral group of eukaryotic zinc-finger transcription factors through
manyrepeatedgeneduplicationsaccompaniedbyfunctionaldivergence.Theancestralgenefamilyhasprobablyexpanded
independentlyinseverallineages,includingmammalsandsomefishes.Investigationofadaptiveevolutionamongrecent
paralogsusingdN/dSanalysisindicatesthatamajorcomponentoftheselectivepressureactingonthesegeneshasbeen
positiveselectiontochangetheirDNA-bindingspecificity.Theseresultssuggestthatthepoly-ZFgenesareamajorsource
ofnewtranscriptionalrepressionactivityinhumansandotherprimates.
Citation:EmersonRO,ThomasJH(2009)AdaptiveEvolutioninZincFingerTranscriptionFactors.PLoSGenet5(1):e1000325.doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000325
Editor:SimonMyers,UniversityofOxford,UnitedKingdom
ReceivedMay6,2008;AcceptedDecember2,2008;PublishedJanuary2,2009
Copyright:?2009Emerson,Thomas.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits
unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited.
Funding:Nofundingwasreceivedfortheworkpresentedinthismanuscript.
CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist.
*E-mail:jht@
Introduction
Despitetheirprevalence,theorganismalfunctionsofmembers
of the KRAB-ZF family are remarkably obscure. For example,
only three KRAB-ZF genes have bee
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