Avian Magnetoreception Elaborate Iron Mineral Containing Dendrites in the Upper Beak Seem to Be a Common Feature of Birds 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Avian Magnetoreception Elaborate Iron Mineral Containing Dendrites in the Upper Beak Seem to Be a Common Feature of Birds 英文参考文献.doc

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Avian Magnetoreception Elaborate Iron Mineral Containing Dendrites in the Upper Beak Seem to Be a Common Feature of Birds 英文参考文献

AvianMagnetoreception:ElaborateIronMineral ContainingDendritesintheUpperBeakSeemtoBea CommonFeatureofBirds GeraldFalkenberg1,GertaFleissner2*,KirstenSchuchardt2,MarkusKuehbacher3,PeterThalau2 ,Henrik Mouritsen4,DominikHeyers4,GerdWellenreuther1,GuentherFleissner2 1HamburgerSynchrotronstrahlungslaborHASYLABatDeutschesElektronen-Synchrotron(DESY),Hamburg,Germany,2Institutfu¨rZellbiologieundNeurowissenschaften, Goethe-Universita¨t, Frankfurt a. M., Germany, 3Abt. Elementanalytik, Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy, Berlin, Germany, 4Institut fu¨r Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften,CarlvonOssietzky-Universita¨t, Oldenburg,Germany Abstract The magnetic field sensors enabling birds to extract orientational information from the Earth’s magnetic field have remainedenigmatic.Ourpreviouslypublishedresultsfromhomingpigeonshavemadeussuggestthattheironcontaining sensorydendritesintheinnerdermalliningoftheupperbeakareacandidatestructureforsuchanavianmagnetometer system. Here we show that similar structures occur in two species of migratory birds (garden warbler, Sylvia borin and Europeanrobin,Erithacusrubecula)andanon-migratorybird,thedomesticchicken(Gallusgallus).Inallthesebirdspecies, histologicaldatahaverevealeddendritesofsimilarshapeandsize,allcontainingironmineralswithindistinctsubcellular compartments of nervous terminals of the median branch of the Nervus ophthalmicus. We also used microscopic X-ray absorptionspectroscopyanalysestoidentifytheinvolvedironmineralstobealmostcompletelyFeIII-oxides.Magnetite(Fe II/III)mayalsooccurinthesestructures,butnotasamajorFeconstituent.Ourdatasuggestthatthiscomplexdendritic systeminthebeakisacommonfeatureofbirds,andthatitmayformanessentialsensorybasisfortheevolutionofatleast certaintypesofmagneticfieldguidedbehavior. Citation:FalkenbergG,FleissnerG,SchuchardtK,KuehbacherM,ThalauP,etal.(2010)AvianMagnetoreception:ElaborateIronMineralContainingDendritesin theUpperBeakSeemtoBeaCommonFeatureofBirds.PLoSONE5(2):e9231.doi:10.13