Burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Villages of Eastern Gedaref State, Sudan An Exhaustive Cross-Sectional Survey 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Villages of Eastern Gedaref State, Sudan An Exhaustive Cross-Sectional Survey 英文参考文献.doc

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Burden of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Villages of Eastern Gedaref State, Sudan An Exhaustive Cross-Sectional Survey 英文参考文献

BurdenofVisceralLeishmaniasisinVillagesofEastern GedarefState,Sudan:AnExhaustiveCross-Sectional Survey YolandaKathrinMueller1*,FabienneNackers1,KhalidA.Ahmed2,MarleenBoelaert3 ,Jean- ClaudeDjoumessi2,RahmaEltigani4,HimidaAliGorashi5,OmerHammam2,KoertRitmeijer6, NivenSalih2,DagemlidetWorku2,Jean-Franc?ois Etard1,7,Franc?ois Chappuis2,8 1Epicentre, Paris, France, 2Me′decins SansFrontie`res -Operational Centre Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 3Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium, 4Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan, 5Community Medicine Department, University of Gedaref, Gedaref, Sudan, 6Me′decins Sans Frontie`res - Operational Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Holland, 7Institut de Recherche pour le De′veloppement (IRD), Montpellier, France, 8Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva,Switzerland Abstract Background: Since December 2009, Me′decins Sans Frontie`res has diagnosed and treated patients with visceral leishmaniasis(VL)inTabarakAllahHospital,easternGedarefState,oneofthemainendemicfociofVLinSudan.Asurvey wasconductedtoestimatetheVLincidenceinvillagesaroundTabarakAllah. Methods:Betweenthe5thofMayandthe17thofJune2011,weconductedanexhaustivedoor-to-doorsurveyin45villages ofAl-Gureishalocality.Deathswereinvestigatedbyverbalautopsies.Allindividualswith(i)feverofatleasttwoweeks,(ii) VLdiagnosedandtreatedinthepreviousyear,and(iii)clinicalsuspicionofpost-kala-azardermalleishmaniasis(PKDL)were referredtomedicalteamsforcaseascertainment.AnewcaseofVLwasaclinicalsuspectwithapositiverk39rapidtestor directagglutinationtest(DAT). Results:Inthe45villagesscreened,17,702householdswereinterviewed,forapopulationof94,369inhabitants.Thecrude mortalityrateoverthemeanrecallperiodof409dayswas0.13/10’000peopleperday.VLwasapossibleorprobablecause for19%ofalldeaths.TheVL-specificmortalityratewasestimatedat0.9/1000peryear. Themedicalteamsexamined551 individualsreferredforahistoryoffeverofatleasttwoweeks.Outofthese,16werediagnosedwithprimaryVL.Th