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Canine Genomics and Genetics Running with the Pack 英文参考文献
Review
CanineGenomicsandGenetics:Running
withthePack
Heidi G.Parker, Elaine A.Ostrander*
ABSTRACT
likelihoodpredictionstobe27morgansingeneticdistance
[8].Estimatesbasedon?owsortingofchromosomessuggesta
physicalsizeof2.8gigabases[9,10].Predictionsbasedon
sequenceanalysisofeuchromaticsequencesuggestasizeof
2.3–2.4gigabases[1,11].Integratedlinkage,radiationhybrid
(RH),andcytogeneticmapsofthedoggenomecon?rmed
thesegeneralconclusions[12–15].
T
hedomesticationofthedogfromitswolfancestorsis
perhapsthemostcomplexgeneticexperimentin
history,andcertainlythemostextensive.Beginning
withthewolf,manhascreateddogbreedsthatarehuntersor
herders,bigorsmall,leanorsquat,andindependentorloyal.
Mostbreedswereestablishedinthe1800sbydogfanciers,
usingasmallnumberoffoundersthatfeaturedtraitsof
particularinterest.Popularsireeffects,population
MostrecentlyacomparativeRHmapofthedoggenome
containing10,000caninegenesequenceshasproven
invaluableforidentifyingsmallrearrangementswithinthe
caninegenome(http://www-recomgen.univ-rennes1.fr/doggy.
html)[16],aswellasassistingintheorderingofcontigsforthe
draftassembly[1].Thegenesequencesusedinconstructionof
the10,000-geneRHmapwerederivedfroma1.53sequenceof
thestandardpoodle.Thisinitialsequenceofthedoggenome
containedatleastpartialorthologsfor75%(18,473)of
annotatedhumangenes[11].Portionsof9,850individualgenes
orabouthalfofalldoggeneswerelocalizedonanRHpanel
with200kilobaseresolution[16].Atotalof264conserved
segmentslessthan500kilobasesinsizewereidenti?edfroma
comparisonofthedogmapandhumangenomesequence
(NationalCenterforBiotechnologyInformationBuild34),
matchingwellwithpredictionsfromthedraftassembly[1].
Thisprovidedaclearsnapshotoftheorderofcaninegenes
relativetothehumangenome,andpreciseinformationabout
breakpointposition.Subsequentstudiesonbreakpointreuse
acrossmammaliansystems,utilizingRHmapsfromavarietyof
mammalianspecies,verifythesedata[17].
bottlenecks,andstrictbreedingprogramsdesignedtoexpand
populationswithdesirabletraitsledtothedevelopmentof
w
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