Effects of Global Warming on Ancient Mammalian Communities and Their Environments 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effects of Global Warming on Ancient Mammalian Communities and Their Environments 英文参考文献.doc

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Effects of Global Warming on Ancient Mammalian Communities and Their Environments 英文参考文献

EffectsofGlobalWarmingonAncientMammalian CommunitiesandTheirEnvironments LarisaR.G.DeSantis1,2*,RobertS.Feranec3,BruceJ.MacFadden2 1DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,Florida,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2DivisionofVertebratePaleontology,FloridaMuseumofNaturalHistory, Gainesville,Florida,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3NewYorkStateMuseum,Albany,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Currentglobalwarmingaffectsthecompositionanddynamicsofmammaliancommunitiesandcanincrease extinctionrisk;however,long-termeffectsofwarmingonmammalsarelessunderstood.Dietaryreconstructionsinferred from stable isotopes of fossil herbivorous mammalian tooth enamel document environmental and climatic changes in ancientecosystems,includingC3/C4transitionsandrelativeseasonality. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Here,weusestablecarbonandoxygenisotopespreservedinfossilteethtodocument the magnitude of mammalian dietary shifts and ancient floral change during geologically documented glacial and interglacialperiodsduringthePliocene(,1.9millionyearsago)andPleistocene(,1.3millionyearsago)inFlorida.Stable isotope data demonstrate increased aridity, increased C4 grass consumption, inter-faunal dietary partitioning, increased isotopic niche breadth of mixed feeders, niche partitioning of phylogenetically similar taxa, and differences in relative seasonalitywithwarming. Conclusion/Significance:Ourdatashowthatglobalwarmingresultedindramaticvegetationanddietarychangesevenat lowerlatitudes(,28uN).Ourresultsalsoquestiontheuseofmodelsthatpredictthelongtermdeclineandextinctionof species based on the assumption that niches are conserved over time. These findings have immediate relevance to clarifyingpossiblebioticresponsestocurrentglobalwarminginmodernecosystems. Citation:DeSantisLRG,FeranecRS,MacFaddenBJ(2009)EffectsofGlobalWarmingonAncientMammalianCommunitiesandTheirEnvironments.PLoSONE4(6): e5750.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005750 Editor:JonMoen,UmeaUniversity,Sweden ReceivedFebruary10,2009;AcceptedA