Effective Control of Schistosoma haematobium Infection in a Ghanaian Community following Installation of a Water Recreation Area 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Effective Control of Schistosoma haematobium Infection in a Ghanaian Community following Installation of a Water Recreation Area 英文参考文献.doc

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Effective Control of Schistosoma haematobium Infection in a Ghanaian Community following Installation of a Water Recreation Area 英文参考文献

EffectiveControlofSchistosomahaematobiumInfection inaGhanaianCommunityfollowingInstallationofa WaterRecreationArea KarenC.Kosinski1*,MichaelN.Adjei2,KwabenaM.Bosompem3,JonathanJ.Crocker4,JohnL.Durant5, DicksonOsabutey3,JeanineD.Plummer6,MiguelJ.Stadecker7,AnjuliD.Wagner8,MarkWoodin5, DavidM.Gute5 1Community Health Program, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America, 2Teshie-Accra, Greater Accra Region, Ghana, 3Parasitology Department,NoguchiMemorialInstituteforMedicalResearch(NMIMR),CollegeofHealthSciences,UniversityGhana,Legon,GreaterAccraRegion,Ghana,4Department ofEnvironmentalSciencesandEngineering,GillingsSchoolofGlobalPublicHealth,UniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill,ChapelHill,NorthCarolina,UnitedStatesof America, 5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America, 6Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America, 7Department of Pathology, The Sackler School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, 8Department ofEpidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,Washington,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:UrogenitalschistosomiasiscausedbySchistosomahaematobiumwasendemicinAdasawase,Ghanain2007. Transmissionwasreportedtobeprimarilythroughrecreationalwatercontact. Methods:Wedesignedawaterrecreationarea(WRA)topreventtransmissiontoschool-agedchildren.TheWRAfeaturesa concrete pool supplied by a borehole well and a gravity-driven rainwater collection system; it is 30m2 and is split into shallow and deep sections to accommodate a variety of age groups. The WRA opened in 2009 and children were encouragedtouseitforrecreationasopposedtothelocalriver.WescreenedchildrenannuallyforS.haematobiumeggsin their urine in 2008, 2009, and 2010 and established differences in infection rates before (2008–09) and after (2009–10) ins