Endophytic Bacteria in Toxic South African Plants Identification, Phylogeny and Possible Involvement in Gousiekte 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Endophytic Bacteria in Toxic South African Plants Identification, Phylogeny and Possible Involvement in Gousiekte 英文参考文献.doc

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Endophytic Bacteria in Toxic South African Plants Identification, Phylogeny and Possible Involvement in Gousiekte 英文参考文献

EndophyticBacteriainToxicSouthAfricanPlants: Identification,PhylogenyandPossibleInvolvementin Gousiekte BrechtVerstraete1*,DaanVanElst2,HesterSteyn3,BraamVanWyk4,BennyLemaire1,ErikSmets5, StevenDessein6 1Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 2Laboratory of Plant Growth and Development, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium, 3South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, South Africa, 4HGWJ Schweickerdt Herbarium, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, 5NetherlandsCentreforBiodiversityNaturalis,LeidenUniversity,Leiden,TheNetherlands,6NationalBotanicGardenofBelgium,Meise,Belgium Abstract Background: South African plant species of the genera Fadogia, Pavetta and Vangueria (all belonging to Rubiaceae) are knowntocausegousiekte(literally‘quickdisease’),afatalcardiotoxicosisofruminantscharacterisedbyacuteheartfailure four to eight weeks after ingestion. Noteworthy is that all these plants harbour endophytes in their leaves: nodulating bacteriainspecializednodulesinPavettaandnon-nodulatingbacteriaintheintercellularspacesbetweenmesophyllcellsin FadogiaandVangueria. PrincipalFindings:IsolationandanalysesoftheseendophytesrevealthepresenceofBurkholderiabacteriainalltheplant speciesimplicatedingousiekte.Althoughthenodulatingandnon-nodulatingbacteriabelongtothesamegenus,theyare phylogeneticallynotcloselyrelatedandevenfallindifferentbacterialclades.PavettaharboriiandPavettaschumanniana havetheirownspecificendophyte–CandidatusBurkholderiaharboriiandCandidatusBurkholderiaschumanniana–while thenon-nodulatingbacteriafoundintheothergousiekte-inducingplantsshowhighsimilaritytoBurkholderiacaledonica .In thisgroup,thebacteriaarehostspecificatpopulationlevel.Investigationofgousiekte-inducingplantsfromotherAfrican countries resulted in the discovery of thesame endophytes. Several other plants ofthe genera Afrocanthium, Canthium, Keetia,Psydrax,PygmaeothamnusandPyrostriaweretestedandwerefoundtolackbacterialendophytes. Concl