Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Borreliosis in Morocco 英文参考文献.docVIP

EpidemiologyofTick-BorneBorreliosisinMorocco GeorgesDiatta1,YassineSouidi2,3,LaurentGranjon4,Ce′lineArnathau5,PatrickDurand5, GillesChauvancy1,YoussouphMane′1,M’hammedSarih3,DrissBelghyti2,Franc?ois Renaud4, Jean-Franc?oisTrape1* 1InstitutdeRecherchepourleDe′veloppement,LaboratoiredePaludologieetdeZoologieMe′dicale,UMR198,BP1386,Dakar,Senegal,2Faculte′desSciencesdeKe′nitra, Universite′IbnTofail,Ke′nitra,Morocco,3InstitutPasteurduMaroc,Casablanca,Morocco,4InstitutdeRecherchepourleDe′veloppement,CentredeBiologieetdeGestion desPopulations,UMR22,BP1386,Dakar,Senegal,5InstitutdeRecherchepourleDe′veloppement, UMR5290MIVEGECIRD/CNRS/UM,BP64501,Montpellier,France Abstract Background: The presence in Morocco of Argasid ticks of the Ornithodoros erraticus complex, the vector of tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) in North Africa, has been known since 1919, but the disease is rarely diagnosed and few epidemiologicaldataareavailable. Methodology/Principal Findings:Between 2006and2011, weinvestigatedthepresenceof Ornithodoros ticksinrodent burrowsin34sitesdistributedacrossMorocco.Wealsocollectedsmallmammalsin10sitesandweinvestigatedTBRFin febrilepatientsinKenitradistrict.TheprevalenceofBorreliainfectionswasassessedbynestedPCRamplificationinticksand thebraintissueofsmallmammals,andbyevaluationofthickbloodfilmsinpatients.Ahighproportionofburrowswere infestedwithticksoftheO.erraticuscomplexinallregionsofMorocco,withameanof39.5%forthewholecountry.Borrelia infections were found in 39/382 (10.2%) of the ticks and 12/140 (8.6%) of the rodents and insectivores studied by PCR amplification, and 102 patients tested positive by thick blood film. Five small mammalian species were found infected: Dipodilluscampestris,Merionesshawi,Gerbillushoogstrali,GerbillusocciduusandAtelerixalgirus.ThreeBorreliaspecieswere identifiedinticksand/orrodents:B.hispanica,B.crociduraeandB.merionesi. Conclusions/Significance:TickpopulationsbelongingtoO.erraticuscomplexarewidelydistributedinMoroccoa