Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Papillomavirus and Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus as Multiple Viruses in Breast Cancer 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Papillomavirus and Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus as Multiple Viruses in Breast Cancer 英文参考文献.doc

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Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Papillomavirus and Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus as Multiple Viruses in Breast Cancer 英文参考文献

Epstein-BarrVirus,HumanPapillomavirusandMouse MammaryTumourVirusasMultipleVirusesinBreast Cancer WendyK.Glenn1,BenjaminHeng1,WarickDelprado2,BarryIacopetta3,NoelJ.Whitaker1, JamesS.Lawson1* 1School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia, 2Douglass, Hanly, Moir – Pathology, Sydney, Australia, 3UniversityDepartmentofSurgery,UniversityofWesternAustralia,Perth,Australia Abstract Background:ThepurposeofthisinvestigationistodetermineifEpsteinBarrvirus(EBV),highriskhumanpapillomavirus (HPV),andmousemammarytumourviruses(MMTV)co-existinsomebreastcancers. MaterialsandMethods:AllthespecimenswerefromwomenresidinginAustralia.Forinvestigationsbasedonstandard PCR,weusedfreshfrozenDNAextractsfrom50unselectedinvasivebreastcancers.Fornormalbreastspecimens,weused DNAextractsfromepithelialcellsfrommilkdonatedby40lactatingwomen.ForinvestigationsbasedoninsituPCRwe used27unselectedarchivalformalinfixedbreastcancerspecimensand18unselectedarchivalformalinfixednormalbreast specimensfromwomenwhohadbreastreductionsurgery.Thirteenofthesefixedbreastcancerspecimens wereductal carcinomainsitu(dcis)and14werepredominantlyinvasiveductalcarcinomas(idc). Results: EBV sequences were identified in 68%, high risk HPV sequences in 50%, and MMTV sequences in 78% of DNA extracted from 50 invasive breast cancer specimens. These same viruses were identified in selected normal and breast cancerspecimensbyinsituPCR.Sequencesfrommorethanoneviraltypewereidentifiedin72%ofthesamebreastcancer specimens.Normalcontrolsshowedtheseviruseswerealsopresentinepithelialcellsinhumanmilk–EBV(35%),HPV,20%) andMMTV(32%)of40milksamplesfromnormallactatingwomen,withmultiplevirusesbeingidentifiedin13%ofthe samemilksamples. Conclusions: Weconcludethat(i)EBV,HPVandMMTVgenesequencesarepresentandco-existinmanyhumanbreast cancers, (ii) the presence of these viruses in breast cancer is associated with young age of diagnosis and possibly an increasedgradeofbreastcancer. Citatio