Environmental Factors Influence Language Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Environmental Factors Influence Language Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders 英文参考文献.doc

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Environmental Factors Influence Language Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders 英文参考文献

EnvironmentalFactorsInfluenceLanguageDevelopment inChildrenwithAutismSpectrumDisorders MarineGrandgeorge1*,MartineHausberger1,SylvieTordjman2,MichelDeleau3,AlainLazartigues4, EricLemonnier4 1Universite′ de Rennes 1, Ethos, UMR6552 CNRS –Ethologie animale ethumaine,Rennes, France, 2Department of Child andAdolescentPsychiatry,CHU Guillaume Re′gnier, Rennes, France, 3Universite′ Rennes 2, CRPCC, EA 1285, Centre de recherches en psychologie, cognition et communication, Rennes, France, 4Service de Pe′dopsychiatrie, CHUdeBrest,Ho?pitaldeBohars,Bohars,France Abstract Background:Whileitisclearlyadmittedthatnormalbehaviouraldevelopmentisdeterminedbytheinterplayofgenetic andenvironmentalinfluences,thisismuchlessthecaseforpsychiatricdisordersforwhichmoreemphasishasbeengiven inthepastdecadesonbiologicaldeterminism.Thus,previousstudieshaveshownthatAutisticSpectrumDisorders(ASD) werenotaffectedbyparentalstyle.However,animalresearchsuggeststhatdifferentbehaviouraltraitscanbedifferentially affectedbygenetic/environmentalfactors. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:InthepresentstudywehypothesizedthatamongsttheASD,languagedisordersmaybe moresensitivetosocialfactorsaslanguageisasocialactthatdevelopsundersocialinfluences.UsingtheAutismDiagnostic Interview-Revised,wecomparedtheearlycharacteristicsofsensori-motorandlanguagedevelopmentinalargesampleof childrenwithASD(n=162)withparentsbelongingtodifferentlevelsofeducation.Theresultsshowedthatchildrenraised byparentswithahighlevelofeducationdisplayedearlierlanguagedevelopment.Moreover,theyshowedearlierfirstwords andphrasesiftheirmotherwasatahighlevelofeducation,whichrevealsanadditionalgendereffect. Conclusions/Significance: To our knowledge this study may trigger important new lines of thought and research, help equilibrate social and purely biological perspectives regarding ASD and bring new hopes for environmentally based therapies. Citation:GrandgeorgeM,HausbergerM,TordjmanS,DeleauM,LazartiguesA,etal.(2009)EnvironmentalFactorsInfluenceLangua