Event-Related Potentials Reveal Rapid Verification of Predicted Visual Input 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Event-Related Potentials Reveal Rapid Verification of Predicted Visual Input 英文参考文献.doc

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Event-Related Potentials Reveal Rapid Verification of Predicted Visual Input 英文参考文献

Event-RelatedPotentialsRevealRapidVerificationof PredictedVisualInput MichaelDambacher1,2*,MartinRolfs1,3,KristinGo¨llner1,ReinholdKliegl1,ArthurM.Jacobs2 1DepartmentofPsychology,Universita¨tPotsdam,Potsdam,Germany,2DepartmentofEducationandPsychology,FreieUniversita¨tBerlin,Berlin,Germany,3Laboratoire PsychologiedelaPerception,CNRS-Universite′ ParisDescartes,Paris,France Abstract Human information processing depends critically on continuous predictions about upcoming events, but the temporal convergence of expectancy-based top-down and input-driven bottom-up streams is poorly understood. We show that, duringreading,event-relatedpotentialsdifferbetweenexposuretohighlypredictableandunpredictablewordsnolater than 90ms after visual input. This result suggests an extremely rapid comparison of expected and incoming visual informationandgivesanuppertemporalboundfortheoriesoftop-downandbottom-upinteractionsinobjectrecognition. Citation:DambacherM,RolfsM,Go¨llnerK,KlieglR,JacobsAM(2009)Event-RelatedPotentialsRevealRapidVerificationofPredictedVisualInput.PLoSONE4(3): e5047.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005047 Editor:MarkA.Williams,MacquarieUniversity,Australia ReceivedDecember4,2008;AcceptedMarch4,2009;PublishedMarch31,2009 Copyright:?2009Dambacheretal.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:ThisresearchwassupportedbyDeutscheForschungsgemeinschaft,grantsFOR868/1andKL655/6-1.Thefundershadnoroleinstudydesign,data collectionandanalysis,decisiontopublish,orpreparationofthemanuscript. CompetingInterests:Theauthorshavedeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:michael.dambacher@uni-potsdam.de Introduction top-downinfluencesanddenominatedexpectationsandperceptualtask asfurtherforms.Althoughtheseconceptsarestronglyoverlapping and can hardly be separated, the critical distinction lies in the amount of informat