Evidence for Vocal Learning and Limited Dispersal as Dual Mechanisms for Dialect Maintenance in a Parrot 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence for Vocal Learning and Limited Dispersal as Dual Mechanisms for Dialect Maintenance in a Parrot 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence for Vocal Learning and Limited Dispersal as Dual Mechanisms for Dialect Maintenance in a Parrot 英文参考文献

EvidenceforVocalLearningandLimitedDispersalas DualMechanismsforDialectMaintenanceinaParrot AlejandroSalinas-Melgoza*¤,TimothyF.Wright DepartmentofBiology,NewMexicoStateUniversity,LasCruces,NewMexico,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Studiesofavianvocaldialectscommonlyfindevidenceofgeographicandacousticstabilityinthefaceofsubstantialgene flow between dialects. The vocal imitation and reduced dispersal hypotheses are alternatives to explain this mismatch between vocal and genetic variation. We experimentally simulated dispersal in the yellow-naped amazon (Amazona auropalliata) by moving individuals within and across dialect boundaries in Costa Rica. One juvenile translocated across dialectboundariesaltereditscontactcalltoimitatetheacousticformofthelocalcallsixweekspost-release.Incontrast, fouradultstranslocatedacrossdialectboundariesreturnedtotheiroriginalcapturesitewithin120days,whilefivecross- dialecttranslocatedadultswhoremainedatthereleasesitedidnotaltertheircontactcalls.Translocatedindividualswere observedtoshowsomesegregationfromresidentflocks.Theobservationofvocalimitationbythejuvenilebirdsupports the vocal imitation, whereas the behavior of adults is more consistent with the reduced dispersal hypotheses. Taken together,ourresultssuggestthatbothpost-dispersallearningbyjuvenilesandhighphilopatryinadultscouldexplainthe stabilityofvocaldialectsinthefaceofimmigrationandgeneflow. Citation:Salinas-MelgozaA,WrightTF(2012)EvidenceforVocalLearningandLimitedDispersalasDualMechanismsforDialectMaintenanceinaParrot.PLoS ONE7(11):e48667.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048667 Editor:JohanJ.Bolhuis,UtrechtUniversity,TheNetherlands ReceivedMay29,2012;AcceptedSeptember28,2012;PublishedNovember6,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 Salinas-Melgoza, Wright. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Thisworkwassupported