Evidence of Infection with H4 and H11 Avian Influenza Viruses among Lebanese Chicken Growers 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence of Infection with H4 and H11 Avian Influenza Viruses among Lebanese Chicken Growers 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence of Infection with H4 and H11 Avian Influenza Viruses among Lebanese Chicken Growers 英文参考文献

EvidenceofInfectionwithH4andH11AvianInfluenza VirusesamongLebaneseChickenGrowers GhaziKayali1*,ElieBarbour2,GhassanDbaibo3,CarelleTabet3,MayaSaade2,HoussamA.Shaib2, JenniferDebeauchamp1,RichardJ.Webby1 1DivisionofVirology,DepartmentofInfectiousDiseases,St.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital,Memphis,Tennessee,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2FacultyofAgricultural andFoodSciences,AmericanUniversityofBeirut,Beirut,Lebanon,3FacultyofMedicine,AmericanUniversityofBeirut,Beirut,Lebanon Abstract Human infections with H5, H7, and H9 avian influenza viruses are well documented. Exposure to poultry is the most important risk factor for humans becoming infected with these viruses. Data on human infection with other low pathogenicityavianinfluenzavirusesissparsebutsuggeststhatsuchinfectionsmayoccur.Lebanonis aMediterranean country lying under two major migratory birds flyways and is home to many wild and domestic bird species. Previous reports from this country demonstrated that low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses are in circulation but highly pathogenicH5N1viruseswerenotreported.Inordertostudytheextentofhumaninfectionwithavianinfluenzavirusesin Lebanon, wecarried out aseroprevalence cross-sectional study into which 200 poultry-exposed individuals and50 non- exposedcontrolswereenrolled.Weobtainedtheirseraandtesteditforthepresenceofantibodiesagainstavianinfluenza viruses types H4 through H16 and used a questionnaire to collect exposure data. Our microneutralization assay results suggestedthatbackyardpoultrygrowersmayhavebeenpreviouslyinfectedwithH4andH11avianinfluenzaviruses.We confirmed these results by using a horse red blood cells hemagglutination inhibition assay. Our data also showed that farmers with antibodies against each virus type clustered in a small geographic area suggesting that unrecognized outbreaks among birds may have led to these human infections. In conclusion, this study suggests that occupational exposuretochickenisariskfactorforinfectionwithavianinfluenzae