Evidence That Mutation Is Universally Biased towards AT in Bacteria 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evidence That Mutation Is Universally Biased towards AT in Bacteria 英文参考文献.doc

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Evidence That Mutation Is Universally Biased towards AT in Bacteria 英文参考文献

EvidenceThatMutationIsUniversallyBiasedtowardsAT inBacteria RuthHershberg*,DmitriA.Petrov DepartmentofBiology,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Mutation is the engine that drives evolution and adaptation forward in that it generates the variation on which natural selection acts. Mutation is a random process that nevertheless occurs according to certain biases. Elucidating mutational biasesandthewaytheyvaryacrossspeciesandwithingenomesiscrucialtounderstandingevolutionandadaptation.Here we demonstrate that clonal pathogens that evolve under severely relaxed selection are uniquely suitable for studying mutational biases in bacteria. We estimate mutational patterns using sequence datasets from five such clonal pathogens belongingtofourdiversebacterialcladesthatspanmostoftherangeofgenomicnucleotidecontent.Wedemonstratethat acrossdifferenttypesofsitesandinallfourcladesmutationisconsistentlybiasedtowardsAT.Thisistrueevenincladesthat havehighgenomicGCcontent.InallstudiedcasesthemutationalbiastowardsATisprimarilyduetothehighrateofC/GtoT/ Atransitions.Theseresultssuggestthatbacterialmutationalbiasesarefarlessvariablethanpreviouslythought.Theyfurther demonstratethatvariationinnucleotidecontentcannotstementirelyfromvariationinmutationalbiasesandthatnatural selectionand/oranaturalselection-likeprocesssuchasbiasedgeneconversionstronglyaffectnucleotidecontent. Citation: Hershberg R, Petrov DA (2010) Evidence That Mutation Is Universally Biased towards AT in Bacteria. PLoS Genet 6(9): e1001115. doi:10.1371/ journal.pgen.1001115 Editor:MichaelW.Nachman,UniversityofArizona,UnitedStatesofAmerica ReceivedFebruary9,2010;AcceptedAugust9,2010;PublishedSeptember9,2010 Copyright:?2010Hershberg,Petrov.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermits unrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:RHwasfundedbyaStanfordGenomeTrainingProgram(