Evolution in Quantum Leaps Multiple Combinatorial Transfers of HPI and Other Genetic Modules in Enterobacteriaceae 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolution in Quantum Leaps Multiple Combinatorial Transfers of HPI and Other Genetic Modules in Enterobacteriaceae 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolution in Quantum Leaps Multiple Combinatorial Transfers of HPI and Other Genetic Modules in Enterobacteriaceae 英文参考文献

EvolutioninQuantumLeaps:MultipleCombinatorial TransfersofHPIandOtherGeneticModulesin Enterobacteriaceae ArmandPaauw*,MaurineA.Leverstein-vanHall,JanVerhoef,AdC.Fluit DepartmentofMedicalMicrobiology,UniversityMedicalCentreUtrecht,Utrecht,TheNetherlands Abstract HorizontalgenetransferisakeystepintheevolutionofEnterobacteriaceae.Byacquiringvirulencedeterminantsofforeign origin,commensalscanevolveintopathogens.InEnterobacteriaceae,horizontaltransferofthesevirulencedeterminantsis largely dependent on transfer by plasmids, phages, genomic islands (GIs) and genomic modules (GMs). The High PathogenicityIsland(HPI)isaGIencodingvirulencegenesthatcanbetransferredbetweendifferentEnterobacteriaceae .We investigated the HPI because it was present in an Enterobacter hormaechei outbreak strain (EHOS). Genome sequence analysisshowedthattheEHOScontainedanintegrationsiteformobileelementsandharboredtwoGIsandthreeputative GMs,includinganewvariantoftheHPI(HPI-ICEEh1).Wedemonstrate,forthefirsttime,thatcombinatorialtransfersofGIs andGMsbetweenEnterobactercloacaecomplexisolatesmusthaveoccurred.Furthermore,theexcisionandcircularization of several combinations of the GIs and GMs was demonstrated. Because of its flexibility, the multiple integration site of mobileDNAcanbeconsideredanintegrationhotspot(IHS)thatincreasesthegenomicplasticityofthebacterium.Multiple combinatorial transfers of diverse combinations of the HPI and other genomic elements among Enterobacteriaceae may acceleratethegenerationofnewpathogenicstrains. Citation:PaauwA,Leverstein-vanHallMA,VerhoefJ,FluitAC(2010)EvolutioninQuantumLeaps:MultipleCombinatorialTransfersofHPIandOtherGenetic ModulesinEnterobacteriaceae.PLoSONE5(1):e8662.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0008662 Editor:UlrichDobrindt,UniversityofWu¨rzburg,Germany ReceivedMay27,2009;AcceptedDecember9,2009;PublishedJanuary13,2010 Copyright: ? 2010 Paauw et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits