Evolution of Associative Learning in Chemical Networks 英文参考文献.docVIP

EvolutionofAssociativeLearninginChemicalNetworks SimonMcGregor1,VeraVasas2,PhilHusbands1,ChrisanthaFernando3* 1DepartmentofInformatics,UniversityofSussex,Falmer,Brighton,UnitedKingdom,2DepartamentdeGene`ticaideMicrobiologia,GrupdeBiologiaEvolutiva(GBE), Universitat Auto`noma deBarcelona, Bellaterra,Barcelona,Spain,3School ofElectronicEngineering andComputerScience (EECS),QueenMary,UniversityofLondon, London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Organismsthatcanlearnabouttheirenvironmentandmodifytheirbehaviourappropriatelyduringtheirlifetimearemore likely to survive and reproduce than organisms that do not. While associative learning – the ability to detect correlated features of the environment – has been studied extensively in nervous systems, where the underlying mechanisms are reasonably well understood, mechanisms within single cells that could allow associative learning have received little attention.Here,usinginsilicoevolutionofchemicalnetworks,weshowthatthereexistsadiversityofremarkablysimple andplausiblechemicalsolutionstotheassociativelearningproblem,thesimplestofwhichusesonlyonecorechemical reaction.Wethenaskedtowhatextentalinearcombinationofchemicalconcentrationsinthenetworkcouldapproximate the ideal Bayesian posterior of an environment given the stimulus history so far? This Bayesian analysis revealed the ‘memorytraces’ofthechemicalnetwork.Theimplicationofthispaperisthatthereislittlereasontobelievethatalackof suitable phenotypic variation would prevent associative learning from evolving in cell signalling, metabolic, gene regulatory,oramixtureofthesenetworksincells. Citation: McGregor S, Vasas V, Husbands P, Fernando C (2012) Evolution of Associative Learning in Chemical Networks. PLoS Comput Biol 8(11): e1002739. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002739 Editor:AbigailMorrison,ResearchCenterJu¨lich,Germany ReceivedMay4,2012;AcceptedAugust23,2012;PublishedNovember1,2012 Copyright: ? 2012 McGregor et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Crea