Evidence for a Peak Shift in a Humoral Response to Helminths Age Profiles of IgE in the Shuar of Ecuador, the Tsimane of Bolivia, and the U.S. NHANES 英文参考文献.docVIP

EvidenceforaPeakShiftinaHumoralResponseto Helminths:AgeProfilesofIgEintheShuarofEcuador, theTsimaneofBolivia,andtheU.S.NHANES AaronD.Blackwell1,2,3*,MichaelD.Gurven1,LawrenceS.Sugiyama2,3,FeliciaC.Madimenos2,3 , MelissaA.Liebert2,3,MelanieA.Martin1,HillardS.Kaplan4,J.JoshSnodgrass2,3 1Integrative Anthropological Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, 2Department of Anthropology, UniversityofOregon,Eugene,Oregon,UnitedStatesofAmerica,3InstituteofCognitiveandDecisionSciences,UniversityofOregon,Eugene,Oregon,UnitedStatesof America,4DepartmentofAnthropology,UniversityofNewMexico,Albuquerque,NewMexico,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Background:Thepeakshiftmodelpredictsthattheage-profileofapathogen’sprevalencedependsuponitstransmission rate, peaking earlier in populations with higher transmission and declining as partial immunity is acquired. Helminth infectionsareassociatedwithincreasedimmunoglobulinE(IgE),whichmayconveypartialimmunityandinfluencethepeak shift. Although studies have noted peak shifts in helminths, corresponding peak shifts in total IgE have not been investigated,norhastheage-patterningbeencarefullyexaminedacrosspopulations.Wetestfordifferencesintheage- patterningofIgEbetweentwoSouthAmericanforager-horticulturalistpopulationsandtheUnitedStates:theTsimaneof Bolivia(n=832),theShuarofEcuador(n=289),andtheU.S.NHANES(n=8,336).Wethenexaminetherelationshipbetween totalIgEandhelminthprevalencesintheTsimane. Methodology/Principal Findings: Total IgE levels were assessed in serum and dried blood spots and age-patterns examined with non-linear regression models. Tsimane had the highest IgE (geometric mean =8,182 IU/ml), followed by Shuar(1,252IU/ml),andNHANES(52IU/ml).Consistentwithpredictions,higherpopulationIgEwasassociatedwithsteeper increasesatearlyagesandearlierpeaks:TsimaneIgEpeakedat7years,Shuarat10years,andNHANESat17years.For Tsimane,theage-patternwascomparedwithfecalhelminthprevalences.Overal