Evolution of Space Dependent Growth in the Teleost Astyanax mexicanus 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolution of Space Dependent Growth in the Teleost Astyanax mexicanus 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolution of Space Dependent Growth in the Teleost Astyanax mexicanus 英文参考文献

EvolutionofSpaceDependentGrowthintheTeleost Astyanaxmexicanus NatalyaD.Gallo,WilliamR.Jeffery* DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofMaryland,CollegePark,Maryland,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Therelationshipbetweengrowthrateandenvironmentalspaceisanunresolvedissueinteleosts.Whileitisknownfrom aquaculturestudiesthatstockingdensityhasanegativerelationshiptogrowth,theunderlyingmechanismshavenotbeen elucidated, primarily because the growth rate of populations rather than individual fish were the subject of all previous studies.HereweinvestigatethisproblemintheteleostAstyanaxmexicanus,whichconsistsofasightedsurface-dwelling form(surfacefish)andseveralblindcave-dwelling(cavefish)forms.Surfacefishandcavefisharedistinguishedbylivingin spatiallycontrastingenvironmentsandthereforeareexcellentmodelstostudytheeffectsofenvironmentalsizeongrowth. Multiple controlled growth experiments with individual fish raised in confined or unconfined spaces showed that environmental size has a major impact on growth rate in surface fish, a trait we have termed space dependent growth (SDG). In contrast, SDG has regressed to different degrees in the Pacho′n and Tinaja populations of cavefish. Mating experiments between surface and Pacho′n cavefish show that SDG is inherited as a dominant trait and is controlled by multiplegeneticfactors.Despiteitsregressioninblindcavefish,SDGisnotaffectedwhensightedsurfacefishareraisedin darkness,indicatingthatvisionisnotrequiredtoperceiveandreacttoenvironmentalspace.Analysisofplasmacortisol levelsshowedthatanelevationabovebasallevelsoccurredsoonaftersurfacefishwereexposedtoconfinedspace.This initial cortisol peak was absent in Pacho′n cavefish, suggesting that the effects of confined space on growth may be mediatedpartlythroughastressresponse.WeconcludethatAstyanaxreactstoconfinedspacesbyexhibitingSDG,which hasageneticcomponentandshowsevolutionaryregressionduringadaptationofcavefishtoconfinedenvironments. Citation: Gallo ND, Jeffery WR (2012) Evolution of Space