Evolutionary Pathways of the Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in the UK 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Evolutionary Pathways of the Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in the UK 英文参考文献.doc

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Evolutionary Pathways of the Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in the UK 英文参考文献

EvolutionaryPathwaysofthePandemicInfluenzaA (H1N1)2009intheUK MonicaGaliano*,Paul-MichaelAgapow,CatherineThompson,StevenPlatt,AnthonyUnderwood, JoannaEllis,RichardMyers,JonathanGreen,MariaZambon CentreforInfections,HealthProtectionAgency,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Theemergenceoftheinfluenza(H1N1)2009virusprovidedauniqueopportunitytostudytheevolutionofapandemic virus following its introduction into the human population. Virological and clinical surveillance in the UK were comprehensive during the first and second waves of the pandemic in 2009, with extensive laboratory confirmation of infectionallowingadetailedsamplingofrepresentativecirculatingviruses.Wesequencedthecompletecodingregionof thehaemagglutinin(HA)segmentof685H1N1pandemicvirusesselectedwithoutbiasduringtwowavesofpandemicin theUK(April-December2009).Phylogeneticanalysisshowedthatalthoughtemporalaccumulationofaminoacidchanges wasobservedintheHAsequences,theoveralldiversitywaslessthanthattypicallyseenforseasonalinfluenzaAH1N1or H3N2.Therewasco-circulationofmultiplevariantsascharacterisedbysignatureaminoacidchangesintheHA.Aspecific substitution(S203T)becamepredominantbothinUKandglobalisolates.Noantigenicdriftoccurredduring2009asviruses withgreaterthanfour-foldreductionintheirhaemagglutinationinhibition(HI)titre(‘‘lowreactors’’)weredetectedinalow proportion(3%)andoccurredsporadically.Althoughsomelimitedantigenicdivergenceinviruseswithfour-foldreduction inHItitremightberelatedtothepresenceof203T,additionalstudiesareneededtotestthishypothesis. Citation: Galiano M, Agapow P-M, Thompson C, Platt S, Underwood A, et al. (2011) Evolutionary Pathways of the Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in the UK.PLoSONE6(8):e23779.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023779 Editor:LeoL.M.Poon,UniversityofHongKong,HongKong ReceivedMarch13,2011;AcceptedJuly25,2011;PublishedAugust24,2011 Copyright: ? 2011 Galiano et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits un