Evidence-Based Priority Setting for Health Care and Research Tools to Support Policy in Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health in Africa 英文参考文献.docVIP

Essay Evidence-BasedPrioritySettingforHealthCareand Research:ToolstoSupportPolicyinMaternal,Neonatal, andChildHealthinAfrica IgorRudan1,2*,LydiaKapiriri3,MarkTomlinson4,ManuelaBalliet1,BarneyCohen5,MickeyChopra6 1Global Health Academy and Centre for Population Health Sciences, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom, 2Croatian Centrefor GlobalHealth,Faculty ofMedicine,University ofSplit, Soltanska,Split, Croatia, 3Department ofHealth, Aging andSociety, McMaster University,Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, 4Department of Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa, 5Committee on Population, United States National Academy of Sciences,Washington,D.C.,UnitedStatesofAmerica,6UNICEF,NewYork,NewYork,UnitedStatesofAmerica ThispaperispartofaPLoSMedicine series on maternal, neonatal, and childhealthinAfrica Africa.An optimal toolshouldbe able to drawonthebestlocalevidenceandguide policymakers andgovernmentstoidenti- fy, prioritize, and implement evidence- basedhealthinterventionsforscale-upand delivery. becauseitisnoteasytovalidatethetools or to link their output with concrete follow-up actionsandpolicy development [9].Indeed,itisdifficulttoprovebeyond alldoubtthatinvestmentsinhealthcareor health research are valuable to society whencomparedtoalternativeinvestments suchasinfrastructureortheeconomy. However, there are many examples of countriesthathavereducedtheirmaternal and child disease burden substantially from very high starting levels, and of othersthatkeepfailingtoachieveprogress [10].Wealsohavestrongevidenceonthe keydeterminantsofthosesuccesses,which has been incorporated into various prior- ity-setting tools [1,4–9]. The few studies that have evaluated processes in low- resource settings notusing priority-setting toolsfoundthatmostofthemfellshorton all four conditions of the ‘‘accountability forreasonableness’’frameworkthatassess- ed their basic legitimacy and fairness [11,12]. PrioritySetting—Implicitor E