Exploring Mechanisms of Multiple Insecticide Resistance in a Population of the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus in Benin 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Exploring Mechanisms of Multiple Insecticide Resistance in a Population of the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus in Benin 英文参考文献.doc

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Exploring Mechanisms of Multiple Insecticide Resistance in a Population of the Malaria Vector Anopheles funestus in Benin 英文参考文献

ExploringMechanismsofMultipleInsecticideResistance inaPopulationoftheMalariaVectorAnophelesfunestus inBenin RousseauDjouaka1,HelenIrving2,ZainabTukur3,CharlesS.Wondji2* 1InternationalInstituteofTropicalAgriculture,Cotonou,Benin,2LiverpoolSchoolofTropicalMedicine,Liverpool,UnitedKingdom,3BayeroUniversity,Kano,Nigeria Abstract Background: The insecticide resistance status of the malaria vector Anopheles funestus and the underlying resistance mechanismsremainuncharacterisedinmanypartsofAfrica,notablyinBenin,WestAfrica.Tofillthisgapinourknowledge, weassessedthesusceptibilitystatusofapopulationofthisspeciesinPahou,SouthernBeninandinvestigatedthepotential resistancemechanisms. Methodology/Principal Findings: WHO bioassays revealed a multiple resistance profile for An. funestus in Pahou. This populationishighlyresistanttoDDTwithnomortalityinfemalesafter1hexposureto4%DDT.Resistancewasobserved against the Type I pyrethroid permethrin and the carbamate bendiocarb. A moderate resistance was detected against deltamethrin(typeIIpyrethroids).Atotalsusceptibilitywasobservedagainstmalathion,anorganophosphate.Pre-exposure to PBO did not change the mortality rates for DDT indicating that cytochrome P450s play no role in DDT resistance in Pahou.NoL1014FkdrmutationwasdetectedbutacorrelationbetweenhaplotypesoftwofragmentsoftheVoltage-Gated SodiumChannelgeneandresistancewasobservedsuggestingthatmutationsinotherexonsmayconfertheknockdown resistanceinthisspecies.BiochemicalassaysrevealedelevatedlevelsofGSTsandcytochromemono-oxygenasesinPahou. NoG119SmutationandnoalteredacetylcholinesterasegeneweredetectedinthePahoupopulation.qPCRanalysisoffive detoxification genes revealed that the GSTe2 is associated to the DDT resistance in this population with a significantly higherexpressioninDDT resistant samples.Asignificantover-expression of CYP6P9a andCYP6P9bpreviouslyassociated withpyrethroidresistancewasalsoseenbutatalowerfoldchangethaninsouthernAfrica. Conclusion:Themultipleinsecticideresist