Evolutionary Pets Offspring Numbers Reveal Speciation Process in Domesticated Chickens 英文参考文献.docVIP

EvolutionaryPets:OffspringNumbersRevealSpeciation ProcessinDomesticatedChickens IngaTiemann1,2*,GerdRehka¨mper2 1Bruno-Du¨rigen Institute, Poultry Research Centre, Rommerskirchen, Germany, 2Research Group Comparative Neurobiology and Evolutionary Research, Institute of Anatomy,Heinrich-Heine-University,Du¨sseldorf,Germany Abstract Since Darwin, the nature of the relationship between evolution and domestication has been debated. Evolution offers different mechanisms of selection that lead to adaptation and may end in the origin of new species as defined by the biological species concept. Domestication has given rise to numerous breeds in almost every domesticated species, includingchickens.Atthesametime,so-calledartificialselectionseemstoexcludemechanismsofsexualselectionbythe animalsthemselves.Wewanttoforwardthequestiontotheanimalitself:Withwhomdoyoureproducesuccessfully?This study focused on the sexual behaviorof the domestic chicken Gallus gallus f.dom., particularly the White Crested Polish breed. Experiments on mate choice and the observation of fertilization and hatching rates of mixed-breeding groups revealedbreed-specificpreferences.InbreedinggroupscontainingWhiteCrestedPolishandacomparativebreed,more purebredchickshatchedthanhybrids(numberofeggscollected:1059).Matingwaspossibleinequalshares,butinrelation to the number of eggs collected, purebred offspring (62.75%67.10%, M6SE) hatched to a greater extend compared to hybridoffspring(28.75%615.32%,M6SE).Thesedatademonstratethatthemechanismofsexualselectionisstillpresentin domestic chicken breeds, which includes the alteration of gene frequencies typical for domestication and evolutionary speciation.Duetoselectionandmatechoicewestatethatbreedinginprinciplecangeneratenewspecies.Therefore,we seedomesticationasanevolutionaryprocessthatintegrateshumaninterestsofanimalbreedingwithinnatematechoice bytheanimal. Citation: TiemannI,Rehka¨mper G(2012)Evolutionary Pets:OffspringNumbersRevealSpeciation ProcessinDomesti