Extensive Pyrosequencing Reveals Frequent Intra-Genomic Variations of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Extensive Pyrosequencing Reveals Frequent Intra-Genomic Variations of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA 英文参考文献.doc

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Extensive Pyrosequencing Reveals Frequent Intra-Genomic Variations of Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA 英文参考文献

ExtensivePyrosequencingRevealsFrequentIntra- GenomicVariationsofInternalTranscribedSpacer RegionsofNuclearRibosomalDNA JingyuanSong1.,LinchunShi1.,DezhuLi2,YongzhenSun1,YunyunNiu1,ZhiduanChen3, HongmeiLuo1,XiaohuiPang1,ZhiyingSun1,ChangLiu1*,AipingLv4,YoupingDeng5,ZacharyLarson- Rabin2,MikeWilkinson6,ShilinChen1* 1InstituteofMedicinalPlantDevelopment,ChineseAcademyofMedicalSciences,PekingUnionMedicalCollege,Beijing,China,2KunmingInstituteofBotany,Chinese AcademyofSciences,Kunming,Yunnan,China,3InstituteofBotany,ChineseAcademyofSciences,Beijing,China,4ChinaAcademyofChineseMedicalSciences,Beijing, China,5RushUniversityMedicalCenter,Chicago,Illinois,UnitedStatesofAmerica,6AdelaideUniversity,Adelaide,Australia Abstract Background:InternaltranscribedspacerofnuclearribosomalDNA(nrDNA)isalreadyoneofthemostpopularphylogenetic and DNA barcoding markers. However, the existence of its multiple copies has complicated such usage and a detailed characterizationofintra-genomicvariationsiscriticaltoaddresssuchconcerns. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Inthisstudy,weusedsequence-taggedpyrosequencingandgenome-wideanalysesto characterizeintra-genomicvariationsofinternaltranscribedspacer2(ITS2)regionsfrom178plantspecies.Wediscovered that mutation of ITS2 is frequent, with a mean of 35 variants per species. And on average, three of the most abundant variants make up 91% of all ITS2 copies. Moreover, we found different congeneric species share identical variants in 13 genera.Interestingly,differentspeciesacrossdifferentgeneraalsoshareidenticalvariants.Inparticular,oneminorvariantof ITS2inEleutherococcusgiraldiiwasfoundidenticaltotheITS2majorvariantofPanaxginseng,bothfromAraliaceaefamily.In addition,DNAbarcodinggapanalysisshowedthattheintra-genomicdistancesweremarkedlysmallerthanthoseofthe intra-specificorinter-specificvariants.Wheneachof5543variantswereexaminedforitsspeciesdiscriminationefficiency,a 97%successratewasobtainedatthespecieslevel. Conclusions:IdentificationofidenticalITS2varia