Functional Structure of Spontaneous Sleep Slow Oscillation Activity in Humans 英文参考文献.docVIP

FunctionalStructureofSpontaneousSleepSlow OscillationActivityinHumans DaniloMenicucci1,2,AndreaPiarulli2,UrsulaDebarnot3,Paolad’Ascanio2,4,AlbertoLandi2,5 ,Angelo Gemignani2,4 * 1InstituteofClinicalPhysiology,CNR,Pisa,Italy,2EXTREMECentre,ScuolaSuperioreSant’Anna,Pisa,Italy,3CentredeRechercheetd’InnovationsurleSport,Universite′ ClaudeBernardLyonI,Lyon,France,4DepartmentofPhysiologicalSciences,UniversityofPisa,Pisa,Italy,5DepartmentofElectricalSystemsandAutomation,University ofPisa,Pisa,Italy Abstract Background:Duringnon-rapideyemovement(NREM)sleepsynchronousneuraloscillationsbetweenneuralsilence(down state)andneuralactivity(upstate)occur.SleepSlowOscillations(SSOs)eventsaretheirEEGcorrelates.Eacheventhasan origin site and propagates sweeping the scalp. While recent findings suggest a SSO key role in memory consolidation processes, the structure and the propagation of individual SSO events, as well as their modulation by sleep stages and corticalareashavenotbeenwellcharacterizedsofar. Methodology/Principal Findings: We detected SSO events in EEG recordings and we defined and measured a set of featurescorrespondingtobothwaveshapesandeventpropagations.WefoundthatatypicalSSOshapehasatransitionto downstate,whichissteeperthanthefollowingtransitionfromdowntoupstate.WeshowthatduringSWSSSOsarelarger and more locally synchronized, but less likely to propagate across the cortex, compared to NREM stage 2. Also, the detectionnumberofSSOsaswellastheiramplitudesandslopes,aregreatestinthefrontalregions.Althoughderivedfrom asmallsample,thischaracterizationprovidesapreliminaryreferenceaboutSSOactivityinhealthysubjectsfor32-channel sleeprecordings. Conclusions/Significance:ThisworkgivesaquantitativepictureofspontaneousSSOactivityduringNREMsleep:weunveil howSSOfeaturesaremodulatedbysleepstage,siteoforiginanddetectionlocationofthewaves.OurmeasuresonSSOs shape indicate that, as in animal models, onsets of silent states are more synchronized than those of neural firing. The differences