Grand Challenges in Global Health The Ethical, Social and Cultural Program 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Grand Challenges in Global Health The Ethical, Social and Cultural Program 英文参考文献.doc

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Grand Challenges in Global Health The Ethical, Social and Cultural Program 英文参考文献

Policy Forum Grand Challenges in Global Health: The Ethical, Social and Cultural Program Peter A. Singer , Andrew D. Taylor, Abdallah S. Daar, Ross E. G. Upshur, Jerome A. Singh, James V. Lavery * The Bill Melinda Gates the applications of the actual science Foundation has recognized the need to understand and address ESC issues in the GCGH initiative. In November 2005, the foundation awarded us a grant to develop and run the ESC program for the GCGH. The two goals of the ESC program are (1) to provide an advisory service for GCGH projects on ethical, social, and cultural issues in the short- to mid-term, and (2) to create a research program to facilitate appropriate adoption of the technologies resulting from the GCGH projects in the long-term. Our starting assumptions for the ESC program are that science and technology play a key role in global health and development [6], and that the appropriate [9]. Watson himself suggested that he saw ELSI initially as a way merely to de?ect criticism from those wary of the consequences of genetic research, saying “It kept us from being attacked” [9]. An independent review of the ELSI research programs in 2000 criticized the limited number of voices informing ELSI research and recommended T he Grand Challenges in Global Health (GCGH) initiative is a major effort to achieve scienti?c drawing on “theoretical perspectives from outside the traditional community of ELSI researchers” from a “broader breakthroughs against diseases that kill millions of people each year in the world’s poorest countries. With 44 projects, more than US$450 million in funding, and scientists from 33 countries, it has the potential to greatly reduce the suffering and death that disproportionately affect the 2 billion poorest people on earth. The 14 Grand Challenges serve seven long-term goals in global health [1], which are shown in Box 1. Citation: Singer PA, Taylor AD, Daar AS, Upshur REG, Singh JA, et al. (2007) Grand Challenges in Global Health: The