On Connected Target Coverage for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks with Multiple Sensing Units 英文参考文献.docVIP

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On Connected Target Coverage for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks with Multiple Sensing Units 英文参考文献.doc

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On Connected Target Coverage for Wireless Heterogeneous Sensor Networks with Multiple Sensing Units 英文参考文献

Sensors2009,9,5173-5200;doi:10.3390/OPENACCESS sensors ISSN1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article OnConnectedTargetCoverageforWirelessHeterogeneous SensorNetworkswithMultipleSensingUnits Kuei-PingShih ,Der-JiunnDeng 1 2,Ruay-ShiungChang 3,?,andHung-ChangChen 4 1 2 3 4 DepartmentofComputerScienceInformationEngineering,TamkangUniversity,Tamshui251, Taipei,Taiwan;E-Mail:kpshih@.tw DepartmentofComputerScienceInformationEngineering,NationalChanghuaUniversityof Education,Changhua,Taiwan;E-Mail:djdeng@.tw DepartmentofComputerScienceInformationEngineering,NationalDongHwaUniversity, Hualien,Taiwan DepartmentofInformationTechnology,ChingKuoInstituteofManagementandHealth,Keelung, Taiwan;E-Mail:gileschen@.tw ? Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail:rschang@.tw; Tel.:+886-3-8632031;Fax:+886-3-8632030 Received:2May2009;inrevisedform:14June2009/Accepted:23June2009/ Published:30June2009 Abstract:Thepaperconsiderstheconnectedtargetcoverage(CTC)probleminwirelesshet- erogeneoussensornetworks(WHSNs)withmultiplesensingunits,termedMU-CTCprob- lem. MU-CTCproblemcanbereducedtoaconnectedsetcoverproblemandfurtherfor- mulatedasanintegerlinearprogramming(ILP)problem. However,theILPproblemisan NP-completeproblem. Therefore,twodistributedheuristicschemes,REFS(remainingen- ergy?rstscheme)andEEFS(energyef?ciency?rstscheme),areproposed. InREFS,each sensorconsidersitsremainingenergyanditsneighbors’decisionstoenableitssensingunits andcommunicationunitsuchthatalltargetscanbecoveredfortherequiredattributesand thesenseddatacanbedeliveredtothesink. TheadvantagesofREFSareitssimplicityand reducedcommunicationoverhead. However,toutilizesensors’energyef?ciently,EEFSis proposed.AsensorinEEFSconsidersitscontributiontothecoverageandtheconnectivityto makeabetterdecision.Toourbestknowledge,thispaperisthe?rsttoconsidertargetcover- ageandconnectivityjointlyforWHSNswithmultiplesensingunits.Simulationresultsshow thatREFSandEEFScanbothprolongthenetworklifetimeeffect