Optimization of Sampling Positions for Measuring Ventilation Rates in Naturally Ventilated Buildings Using Tracer Gas 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Optimization of Sampling Positions for Measuring Ventilation Rates in Naturally Ventilated Buildings Using Tracer Gas 英文参考文献.doc

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Optimization of Sampling Positions for Measuring Ventilation Rates in Naturally Ventilated Buildings Using Tracer Gas 英文参考文献

Sensors 2012, 12, 11966-11988; doi:10.3390/s120911966 OPEN ACCESS sensors ISSN 1424-8220 /journal/sensors Article Optimization of Sampling Positions for Measuring Ventilation Rates in Naturally Ventilated Buildings Using Tracer Gas Xiong Shen, Chao Zong and Guoqiang Zhang * Department of Engineering, Faculty Sciences and Technology, University of Aarhus, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele 8830, Denmark * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: Guoqiang.zhang@agrsci.dk; Tel.: +45-8715-7735; Fax: +45-8999-1619. Received: 18 May 2012; in revised form: 24 August 2012 / Accepted: 24 August 2012 / Published: 30 August 2012 Abstract: Finding out the optimal sampling positions for measurement of ventilation rates in a naturally ventilated building using tracer gas is a challenge. Affected by the wind and the opening status, the representative positions inside the building may change dynamically at any time. An optimization procedure using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was conducted. In this method, the concentration field inside the building was estimated by a three-order RSM polynomial model. The experimental sampling positions to develop the model were chosen from the cross-section area of a pitched-roof building. The Optimal Design method which can decrease the bias of the model was adopted to select these sampling positions. Experiments with a scale model building were conducted in a wind tunnel to achieve observed values of those positions. Finally, the models in different cases of opening states and wind conditions were established and the optimum sampling position was obtained with a desirability level up to 92% inside the model building. The optimization was further confirmed by another round of experiments. Keywords: response surface methodology; optimal design; desirability; sampling positions; tracer gas Sensors 2012, 12 11967 1. Introduction The ventilation rate is a crucial