Parasite Stress Predicts Offspring Sex Ratio 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Parasite Stress Predicts Offspring Sex Ratio 英文参考文献.doc

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Parasite Stress Predicts Offspring Sex Ratio 英文参考文献

ParasiteStressPredictsOffspringSexRatio MadhukarShivajiraoDama* InstituteofWildlifeVeterinaryResearch,KarnatakaVeterinary,AnimalandFisheriesSciencesUniversity,Doddaluvara,Somavarpettaluk,KodaguDistrict,Karnataka,India Abstract Inthisstudy,Ipredictthattheglobalvariationofoffspringsexratiomightbeinfluencedinpartbythelevelofparasite stress.Fromanenergeticstandpoint,highergestationalcostsofproducingamaleoffspringcoulddecreasemalebirthsina populationwithlimitedresources.Thisimpliesthat,anyfactorthatlimitstheparentalresourcescouldbeexpectedtofavor female offspring production. Human sex ratio at birth (SRB) is believed to be influenced by numerous socioeconomic, biological,andenvironmental factors. Here,Itestapredictionthatparasite stress,byvirtueofitseffectson thegeneral healthcondition,maylimittheparentalinvestmentabilityandthereforecouldinfluencetheSRBatthepopulationlevel. Thestatisticalanalysissupportsthisprediction,andshowthatthelevelofparasitestresshasasignificantinverserelation withpopulationSRBacrosstheworld.Further,thisrelationismany-foldsstrongerthantheassociationofSRBwithother factors, like;polygyny,fertility,latitude,andson-preference. Hence,Iproposethatconditionaffectingabilityofparasites (butnotadaptivesignificance)couldbealikelycausalbasisforthestrikingvariationofSRBacrosspopulations. Citation:DamaMS(2012)ParasiteStressPredictsOffspringSexRatio.PLoSONE7(9):e46169.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0046169 Editor:SamuliHelle,UniversityofTurku,Finland ReceivedNovember28,2011;AcceptedAugust30,2012;PublishedSeptember26,2012 Copyright:?2012MadhukarShivajiraoDama.Thisisanopen-accessarticledistributedunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalauthorandsourcearecredited. Funding:Nocurrentexternalfundingsourcesforthisstudy. CompetingInterests:Theauthorhasdeclaredthatnocompetinginterestsexist. *E-mail:madhukar262@ Introduction of the cycle, and the contemporaneous rise in