Perceiving Nasal Patency through Mucosal Cooling Rather than Air Temperature or Nasal Resistance 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Perceiving Nasal Patency through Mucosal Cooling Rather than Air Temperature or Nasal Resistance 英文参考文献.doc

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Perceiving Nasal Patency through Mucosal Cooling Rather than Air Temperature or Nasal Resistance 英文参考文献

PerceivingNasalPatencythroughMucosalCooling RatherthanAirTemperatureorNasalResistance KaiZhao*,KaraBlacker,YuehaoLuo,BruceBryant,JianboJiang MonellChemicalSensesCenter,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica Abstract Adequateperceptionofnasalairflow(i.e.,nasalpatency)isanimportantconsiderationforpatientswithnasalsinusdiseases. The perception of a lack of nasal patency becomes the primary symptom that drives these patients to seek medical treatment.However,clinicalassessmentofnasalpatencyremainsachallengebecausewelackobjectivemeasurementsthat correlate well with what patients perceive.The current study examined factors that may influence perceived patency, includingairtemperature,humidity,mucosalcooling,nasalresistance,andtrigeminalsensitivity.Forty-fourhealthysubjects ratednasalpatencywhilesamplingairfromthreefacialexposureboxesthatwereventilatedwithuntreatedroomair,cold air,anddryair,respectively. Inallconditions, airtemperature andrelativehumidity insideeachboxwererecordedwith sensorsconnectedtoacomputer.Nasalresistanceandminimumairwaycross-sectionalarea(MCA)weremeasuredusing rhinomanometry andacoustic rhinometry, respectively. General trigeminalsensitivity wasassessed through lateralization thresholds to butanol. No significant correlation was found between perceived patency and nasal resistance or MCA. In contrast, air temperature, humidity, and butanol threshold combined significantly contributed to the ratings of patency, withmucosalcooling(heatloss)beingthemostheavilyweightedpredictor.Airhumiditysignificantlyinfluencesperceived patency,suggestingthatmucosalcoolingratherthanairtemperaturealoneprovidesthetrigeminalsensationthatresultsin perceptionofpatency.Thedynamiccoolingbetweentheairstreamandthemucosalwallmaybequantifiedexperimentally orcomputationallyandcouldpotentiallyleadtoanewclinicalevaluationtool. Citation: Zhao K, Blacker K, Luo Y, Bryant B, Jiang J (2011) Perceiving Nasal Patency through Mucosal Cooling Rather than Air Temperature or Nasa