Preliminary Assessment of Sponge Biodiversity on Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Preliminary Assessment of Sponge Biodiversity on Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles 英文参考文献.doc

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Preliminary Assessment of Sponge Biodiversity on Saba Bank, Netherlands Antilles 英文参考文献

PreliminaryAssessmentofSpongeBiodiversityonSaba Bank,NetherlandsAntilles RobertW.Thacker1*,M.CristinaD?′az2,NicoleJ.deVoogd3,RobW.M.vanSoest4,ChristopherJ. Freeman1,AndrewS.Mobley1,JessicaLaPietra1,KevinCope1,SheilaMcKenna5,6 1DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham,Birmingham,Alabama,UnitedStatesofAmerica,2MuseoMarinodeMargarita,NuevaEsparta,Venezuela, 3Naturalis,NationalMuseumofNaturalHistory,Leiden,TheNetherlands,4ZoologicalMuseumoftheUniversityofAmsterdam,Amsterdam,TheNetherlands,5Deep SearchFoundation,Alameda,California,UnitedStatesofAmerica,6EcologyCentreandCommonwealthFacilityforAppliedEnvironmentalDecisionAnalysis,Universityof Queensland,Brisbane,Australia Abstract Background:SabaBankAtoll,NetherlandsAntilles,isoneofthethreelargestatollsonEarthandprovideshabitatforan extensivecoralreefcommunity.Toimproveourknowledgeofthisvastmarineresource,asurveyofbiodiversityatSaba Bankincludedamulti-disciplinaryteamthatsampledfishes,mollusks,crustaceans,macroalgae,andsponges. Methodology/PrincipalFindings:Asinglememberofthediveteamconductedsurveysofspongebiodiversityduringeight dives at six locations, at depths ranging from 15 to 30m. This preliminary assessment documented the presence of 45 species pooled across multiple locations. Rarefaction analysis estimated that only 48 to 84% of species diversity was sampledbythislimitedeffort,clearlyindicatinganeedforadditionalsurveys.AnanalysisofhistoricalcollectionsfromSaba andSabaBankrevealedanadditional36species,yieldingatotalof81spongespeciesrecordedfromthisarea. Conclusions/Significance: This observed species composition is similar to that found on widespread Caribbean reefs, indicatingthatthespongefaunaofSabaBankisbroadlyrepresentativeoftheCaribbeanasawhole.Arobustpopulationof thegiantbarrelsponge,Xestospongiamuta,appearedhealthywithnoneofthesignsofdiseaseorbleachingreportedfrom other Caribbean reefs; however, more recent reports of anchor chain damage to these sponges suggests that human activitiescanhavedram