Privacy-Preserved Behavior Analysis and Fall Detection by an Infrared Ceiling Sensor Network 英文参考文献.docVIP
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Privacy-Preserved Behavior Analysis and Fall Detection by an Infrared Ceiling Sensor Network 英文参考文献
Sensors2012,12,16920-16936;doi:10.3390/s121216920
OPENACCESS
sensors
ISSN1424-8220
/journal/sensors
Article
Privacy-PreservedBehaviorAnalysisandFallDetectionbyan
InfraredCeilingSensorNetwork
ShuaiTao ,MineichiKudoandHidetoshiNonaka
?
DivisionofComputerScience,HokkaidoUniversity,Kita8Nishi5,Kita-ku,Sapporo060-0808,Japan;
E-Mails:mine@main.ist.hokudai.ac.jp(M.K.);nonaka@main.ist.hokudai.ac.jp(H.N.)
*Authortowhomcorrespondenceshouldbeaddressed;E-Mail:taoshuai@main.ist.hokudai.ac.jp;
Tel.:+81-011-706-6854.
Received:30September2012;inrevisedform:19November2012/Accepted:3December2012/
Published:7December2012
Abstract: An infrared ceiling sensor network system is reported in this study to realize
behavior analysis and fall detection of a single person in the home environment. The
sensorsoutputmultiplebinarysequencesfromwhichweknowtheexistence/non-existence
ofpersonsunderthesensors.Theshortdurationaveragesofthebinaryresponsesareshown
tobeabletoberegardedaspixelvaluesofatop-viewcamera,butmoreadvantageousinthe
senseofpreservingprivacy. Usingthe“pixelvalues”asfeatures,supportvectormachine
classi?erssucceededinrecognizingeightactivities(walking,reading,etc.) performedby
?vesubjectsatanaveragerecognitionrateof80.65%.Inaddition,weproposedamartingale
framework for detecting falls in this system. The experimental results showed that we
attained the best performance of 95.14% (F1 value), the FAR of 7.5% and the FRR of
2.0%. Thisaccuracyisnotsuf?cientingeneralbutsurprisinglyhighwithsuchlow-level
information. Insummary, itisshownthatthissystemhasthepotentialtobeusedinthe
home environment to provide personalized services and to detect abnormalities of elders
wholivealone.
Keywords: behavior analysis; fall detection; privacy-preserved; ceiling sensor network;
infraredsensors
Sensors2012,12
16921
1.Introduction
In recent years, human behavior analysis such as person tracking and activity/action recognition
has progressed signi?cantly [1–7]. They are becoming indispensable for
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