Prodrugs for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases 英文参考文献.docVIP

Molecules 2008, 13, 616-677 molecules ISSN 1420-3049 ? 2008 by MDPI /molecules Review Prodrugs for the Treatment of Neglected Diseases Man Chin Chung 1,*, Elizabeth Igne Ferreira 2,?, Jean Leandro Santos l,2, Jeanine Giarolla 2, Daniela Gon?ales Rando 2, Adélia Emília Almeida 1, Priscila Longhin Bosquesi 1, Renato Farina Menegon 1 and Lorena Blau 1 1 Lapdesf - Laboratório de Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas - UNESP Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, 14801-902, Brazil 2 LAPEN – Laboratório de Planejamento e Síntese de Quimioterápicos Potencialmente Ativos em Endemias Tropicais, Departamento de Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas – USP/SP, R. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, B-13S, Cidade Universitária, S?o Paulo, 05508-900, Brazil; ? E-mail: elizabeth.igne@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: chungmc@fcfar.unesp.br Received: 11 January 2008; in revised form: 12 March 2008 / Accepted: 12 March 2008 / Published: 19 March 2008 Abstract: Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) and Medicins San Frontieres (MSF) proposed a classification of diseases as global, neglected and extremely neglected. Global diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular and mental (CNS) diseases represent the targets of the majority of the RD efforts of pharmaceutical companies. Neglected diseases affect millions of people in the world yet existing drug therapy is limited and often inappropriate. Furthermore, extremely neglected diseases affect people living under miserable conditions who barely have access to the bare necessities for survival. Most of these diseases are excluded from the goals of the RD programs in the pharmaceutical industry and therefore fall outside the pharmaceutical market. About 14 million people, mainly in developing countries, die each year from infectious diseases. From 1975 to 1999, 1393 new drugs were ap