Psychosomatic problems and countermeasures in Japanese children and adolescents 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Psychosomatic problems and countermeasures in Japanese children and adolescents 英文参考文献.doc

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Psychosomatic problems and countermeasures in Japanese children and adolescents 英文参考文献

Tanakaetal.BioPsychoSocialMedicine2012,6:6 /content/6/1/6 REVIEW OpenAccess Psychosomaticproblemsandcountermeasuresin Japanesechildrenandadolescents HidetakaTanaka1*,ShigenoriTerashima2,MagnusPBorres3andOlavThulesius4 Abstract InJapanthereareanumberofchildrenandadolescentswithemotion-relateddisordersincludingpsychosomatic diseases(orthostaticdysregulation,anorexianervosa,recurrentpains),behaviorproblemsandschoolabsenteeism. Accordingtoourpreviousreport,theJapanesechildrenhadsignificantlyhigherscoreofphysicalsymptomsand psychiatriccomplaintsthandidtheSwedishchildren,andtheseweremorestronglyinfluencedbyschool-related stressthanbyhome-relatedstress.Toenforcecountermeasuresforpsychosomaticproblemsinchildren,the JapaneseSocietyofPsychosomaticPediatrics(establishedin1982)havestartedseveralnewprojectsincluding multi-centerpsychosomaticresearchesandsociety-basedactivities.Inthisarticle,wepresentanoutlineofour studyonmentalhealthinJapanesechildrenincomparisonwithSwedishchildren.Countermeasuresincluding clinicalguidelinesforchildpsychosomaticdiseasesarereviewedanddiscussed. Keywords:Psychosomaticdisease,Orthostaticdysregulation,Anorexianervosa,Schoolabsenteeism,Migraine MajorpsychosomaticproblemsinJapanese childrenandadolescents elementary school, 2.62% for junior high school, total 1.14%)in2010. Fromthe1990stothenewmillennium Japan hasbeen witnessingaconsiderableriseinthenumberofchildren Arepsychosomaticproblemscommonin presentingpsychosomaticdisorders[1].Themainsymp- Japaneseadolescents? tomsinthesechildrenincludeheadache,abdominalpain, Thereareseveralreportsonasurveyofphysicalandmen- poorearlyrising,nausea,fatigue,etc.,andchildrenhav- talhealthinchildrenandadolescentsinothercountries ingtwoormoresymptomswerereportedtorangeabout [5,6],Thesestudiesdescribedprevalencedataofphysical 20-30%[2].Pupilswhocometoschoolinfirmaries with symptomssuchasheadache[7,8],orabdominalpain[9], physical symptoms related to emotional stress has butmethodsempl