Putative Monofunctional Type I Polyketide Synthase Units A Dinoflagellate-Specific Feature 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Putative Monofunctional Type I Polyketide Synthase Units A Dinoflagellate-Specific Feature 英文参考文献.doc

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Putative Monofunctional Type I Polyketide Synthase Units A Dinoflagellate-Specific Feature 英文参考文献

PutativeMonofunctionalTypeIPolyketideSynthase Units:ADinoflagellate-SpecificFeature? KarstenEichholz,Ba′nkBeszteri,UweJohn* AlfredWegenerInstituteforPolarandMarineResearch,Bremerhaven,Germany Abstract Marinedinoflagellates(alveolata)aremicroalgaeofwhichsomecauseharmfulalgalbloomsandproduceabroadvarietyof most likely polyketide synthesis derived phycotoxins. Recently, novel polyketide synthesase (PKS) transcripts have been describedfromtheFloridaredtidedinoflagellateKareniabrevis(gymnodiniales)whichareevolutionarilyrelatedtoTypeI PKS but were apparently expressed as monofunctional proteins, a feature typical of Type II PKS. Here, we investigated expressionunitsofPKSI-likesequencesinAlexandriumostenfeldii(gonyaulacales)andHeterocapsatriquetra(peridiniales)at thetranscriptandproteinlevel.Thefivefulllengthtranscriptsweobtainedwereallcharacterizedbypolyadenylation,a39 UTR and the dinoflagellate specific spliced leader sequence at the 59end. Each of the five transcripts encoded a single ketoacylsynthase (KS) domain showing high similarity to K. brevis KS sequences. The monofunctional structure was also confirmedusingdinoflagellatespecificKSantibodiesinWesternBlots.InamaximumlikelihoodphylogeneticanalysisofKS domains from diverse PKSs, dinoflagellate KSs formed a clade placed well within the protist Type I PKS clade between apicomplexa, haptophytes and chlorophytes. These findings indicate that the atypical PKS I structure, i.e., expression as putativemonofunctionalunits,mightbeadinoflagellatespecificfeature.Inaddition,thesequencedtranscriptsharboreda previouslyunknown, apparently dinoflagellate specificconserved N-terminal domain.We discuss theimplications ofthis novelregionwithregardtotheputativemonofunctionalorganizationofTypeIPKSindinoflagellates. Citation: Eichholz K, Beszteri B, John U (2012) Putative Monofunctional Type I Polyketide Synthase Units: A Dinoflagellate-Specific Feature? PLoS ONE 7(11): e48624.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048624 Editor:BruceR.Donald,DukeU