Quality end-of-life care A global perspective 英文参考文献.docVIP

BMC Palliative Care BioMedCentral BMC2002Palliative, 1 Debate Care x Quality end-of-life care: A global perspective Peter A Singer *1,2,3 and Kerry W Bowman 1,4,5 Address: 1University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 3University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 4Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada and 5Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada E-mail: Peter A Singer* - peter.singer@utoronto.ca; Kerry W Bowman - kerry.bowman@utoronto.ca *Corresponding author Published: 25 July 2002 Received: 23 April 2002 Accepted: 25 July 2002 BMC Palliative Care 2002, 1:4 This article is available from: /1472-684X/1/4 ? 2002 Singer and Bowman; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This article is published in Open Access: verbatim copying and redistribution of this article are permitted in all media for any non-commercial purpose, provided this notice is preserved along with the articles original URL. Abstract Background: Quality end-of-life care has emerged as an important concept in industrialized countries. Discussion: We argue quality end-of-life care should be seen as a global public health and health systems problem. It is a global problem because 85 % of the 56 million deaths worldwide that occur annually are in developing countries. It is a public health problem because of the number of people it affects, directly and indirectly, in terms of the well being of loved ones, and the large-scale, population based nature of some possible interventions. It is a health systems problem because one of its main features is the need for better information on quality end-of-life care. We examine the context of end-of-life care, including the epidemiology of death and cross-cultural considerations. Although there are examples of success, we could not identify systematic data