Recognition Profile of Emotions in Natural and Virtual Faces 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Recognition Profile of Emotions in Natural and Virtual Faces 英文参考文献.doc

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Recognition Profile of Emotions in Natural and Virtual Faces 英文参考文献

RecognitionProfileofEmotionsinNaturalandVirtual Faces MiriamDyck1,3*,MarenWinbeck1,SusanneLeiberg2,YuhanChen1,RurbenC.Gur3,KlausMathiak1,4 1DepartmentofPsychiatryandPsychotherapy,RWTHAachenUniversity,Aachen,Germany,2CenterforSocialNeuroscienceandNeuroeconomics,UniversityofZu¨rich, Zu¨rich,Switzerland,3DepartmentofPsychiatry,UniversityofPennsylvania,Philadelphia,Pennsylvania,UnitedStatesofAmerica,4InstituteofPsychiatry,King’sCollege London,London,UnitedKingdom Abstract Background: Computer-generated virtual faces become increasingly realistic including the simulation of emotional expressions.Thesefacescanbeused aswell-controlled,realisticanddynamicstimuliinemotionresearch.However, the validity of virtual facial expressions in comparison to natural emotion displays still needs to be shown for the different emotionsanddifferentagegroups. Methodology/Principal Findings: Thirty-two healthy volunteers between the age of 20 and 60 rated pictures of natural humanfacesandfacesofvirtualcharacters(avatars)withrespecttotheexpressedemotions:happiness,sadness,anger, fear,disgust,andneutral.Resultsindicatethatvirtualemotionswererecognizedcomparabletonaturalones.Recognition differencesinvirtualandnaturalfacesdependedonspecificemotions:whereasdisgustwasdifficulttoconveywiththe current avatar technology, virtual sadness and fear achieved better recognition results than natural faces. Furthermore, emotionrecognitionratesdecreasedforvirtualbutnotnaturalfacesinparticipantsovertheageof40.Thisspecificage effectsuggeststhatmediaexposurehasaninfluenceonemotionrecognition. Conclusions/Significance:Virtualandnaturalfacialdisplaysofemotionmaybeequallyeffective.Improvedtechnology(e.g. bettermodellingofthenaso-labialarea)mayleadtoevenbetterresultsascomparedtotrainedactors.Duetotheeasewith which virtual human faces can be animated and manipulated, validated artificial emotional expressions will be of major relevanceinfutureresearchandtherapeuticapplications. Citation: Dyck M, Winbeck M,