Relationship, evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Relationship, evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight 英文参考文献.doc

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Relationship, evolutionary fate and function of two maize co-orthologs of rice GW2 associated with kernel size and weight 英文参考文献

Lietal.BMCPlantBiology2010,10:143 /1471-2229/10/143 RESEARCH ARTICLE OpenAccess Relationship,evolutionaryfateandfunctionof twomaizeco-orthologsofriceGW2associated withkernelsizeandweight QingLi1,LinLi1,XiaohongYang1,MarilynLWarburton2,GuanghongBai1,3,JingruiDai1,JianshengLi1*, JianbingYan1,4* Abstract Background:Inrice,theGW2gene,foundonchromosome2,controlsgrainwidthandweight.Twohomologsof thisgene,ZmGW2-CHR4andZmGW2-CHR5,havebeenfoundinmaize.Inthisstudy,weinvestigatedthe relationship,evolutionaryfateandputativefunctionofthesetwomaizegenes. Results:Thetwogenesarelocatedonduplicatedmaizechromosomalregionsthatshowco-orthologous relationshipswiththericeregioncontainingGW2.ZmGW2-CHR5ismorecloselyrelatedtothesorghum counterpartthantoZmGW2-CHR4.Sequencecomparisonsbetweenthetwogenesineightdiversemaizeinbred linesrevealedthatthefunctionalproteindomainofbothgenesiscompletelyconserved,withnonon- synonymouspolymorphismsidentified.Thissuggeststhatbothgenesmayhaveconservedfunctions,ahypothesis thatwasfurtherconfirmedthroughlinkage,association,andexpressionanalyses.Linkageanalysisshowedthat ZmGW2-CHR4islocatedwithinaconsistentquantitativetraitlocus(QTL)forone-hundredkernelweight(HKW). Associationanalysiswithadiversepanelof121maizeinbredlinesidentifiedonesinglenucleotidepolymorphism (SNP)inthepromoterregionofZmGW2-CHR4thatwassignificantlyassociatedwithkernelwidth(KW)andHKW acrossallthreefieldexperimentsexaminedinthisstudy.SNPsorinsertion/deletionpolymorphisms(InDels)in otherregionsofZmGW2-CHR4andZmGW2-CHR5werealsofoundtobesignificantlyassociatedwithatleastone ofthefouryield-relatedtraits(kernellength(KL),kernelthickness(KT),KWandHKW).Noneofthepolymorphisms ineithermaizegenearesimilartoeachotherortothe1bpInDelcausingphenotypicvariationinrice.Expression levelsofbothmaizegenesvaryoverearandkerneldevelopmentalstages,andtheexpressionlevelofZmGW2- CHR4issignificantlynegativelycorrelatedwithKW. Conclusions:Thesequence,linkage,associationandexpressionanalysescollectivelyshowedthatthetw