Relevance of the stroma and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for the rheumatic diseases 英文参考文献.docVIP

Available online /content/8/3/210 Review Relevance of the stroma and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) for the rheumatic diseases Nathan J Zvaifler School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0656, USA Corresponding author: Nathan J Zvaifler, nzvaifler@ Published: 9 May 2006 Arthritis Research Therapy 2006, 8:210 (doi:10.1186/ar1963) This article is online at /content/8/3/210 ? 2006 BioMed Central Ltd Abstract In the embryo the first and only tissue formed is epithelium [3]. Sheets of epithelial cells are held together tightly at Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a term applied to the process whereby cells undergo a switch from an epithelial strong adherens junctions containing E-cadherin in phenotype with tight junctions, lateral, apical, and basal complexes with catenins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. The epithelial cells are firmly attached through integrins to an underlying extracellular matrix (ECM) containing type IV collagen and laminin; the basement membrane. Around day 15 the epiblast cells of the developing human embryo migrate into a structure called the primitive streak [4]. Once in place they assume the features of embryonic mesoderm and endoderm in a process known as gastrulation. From the mesoderm arise the visceral and limb bud mesenchyme. The latter is the source of bone, cartilage, fibroblasts, fat, skeletal muscle and the bone marrow stroma. membranes, and lack of mobility into mesenchymal cells that have loose interactions with other cells, are non-polarized, motile and produce an extracellular matrix. The importance of this process was initially recognized from a very early step in embryology, but more recently as a potential mechanism for the progression and spread of epithelial cancers. As the sequence of morphological changes has become understood