Replicative DNA polymerases 英文参考文献.docVIP

/2001/2/1/reviews/3002.1 Protein family review Replicative DNA polymerases M Mar Albà Address: Wohl Virion Centre, Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, Cleveland Street, London, W1T 4J(, UK. E-mail: m.alba@ucl.ac.uk Published: 12 January 2001 GenomeBiology 2001, 2(1):reviews3002.1–3002.4 The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be found online at /2001/2/1/reviews/3002 ? BioMed Central Ltd (Print ISSN 1465-6906; Online ISSN 1465-6914) Summary Replicative DNA polymerases are essential for the replication of the genomes of all living organisms. On the basis of sequence similarities they can be classified into three types. Type A polymerases are homologous to bacterial polymerases I, Type B comprises archaebacterial DNA polymerases and eukaryotic DNA polymerase =, and the bacterial polymerase III class make up type C. Structures have been solved for several type A and B polymerases, which share a similar architecture. The structure of type C is not yet known. The catalytic mechanism of all three types involves two metal-ion-binding acidic residues in the active site. Replicative polymerases are constitutively expressed, but their activity is regulated through the cell cycle and in response to different growth conditions. Gene organization and evolutionary history Classification type A polymerases. Eukaryote replicative polymerase =, archaebacterial DNA polymerases, viral DNA polymerases, DNA polymerases encoded in mitochondrial plasmids of various fungi and plants and some bacteriophage poly- merases (T4 and RB69) all belong to type B. The bacterial DNA polymerase III class, members of which are responsible for most of the replicative DNA synthesis in bacteria, are type C DNA polymerases [1]. The three types share no obvious sequence similarity, but types A and B are structurally similar to each other (see below). In general, a single g