Route of administration for illicit prescription opioids a comparison of rural and urban drug users 英文参考文献.docVIP

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Route of administration for illicit prescription opioids a comparison of rural and urban drug users 英文参考文献.doc

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Route of administration for illicit prescription opioids a comparison of rural and urban drug users 英文参考文献

Youngetal.HarmReductionJournal2010,7:24 /content/7/1/24 BRIEF REPORT OpenAccess Routeofadministrationforillicitprescription opioids:acomparisonofruralandurban drugusers AprilMYoung1,2?,JenniferRHavens1*?,CarlGLeukefeld1? Abstract Background:Nonmedicalprescriptionopioidusehasemergedasamajorpublichealthconcerninrecentyears, particularlyinruralAppalachia.Littleisknownabouttheroutesofadministration(ROA)involvedinnonmedical prescriptionopioiduseamongruralandurbandrugusers.Thepurposeofthisstudywastodescriberural-urban differencesinROAfornonmedicalprescriptionopioiduse. Methods:Apurposivesampleof212prescriptiondruguserswasrecruitedfromaruralAppalachiancounty (n=101)andamajormetropolitanarea(n=111)inKentucky.Consentingparticipantsweregivenaninterviewer- administeredquestionnaireexaminingsociodemographics,psychiatricdisorders,andself-reportednonmedicaluse andROA(swallowing,snorting,injecting)forthefollowingprescriptiondrugs:buprenorphine,fentanyl, hydrocodone,hydromorphone,methadone,morphine,OxyContin?andotheroxycodone. Results:Amongurbanparticipants,swallowingwasthemostcommonROA,contrastingsharplywithsubstance- specificvariationinROAamongruralparticipants.Amongruralparticipants,snortingwasthemostfrequentROA forhydrocodone,methadone,OxyContin?,andoxycodone,whileinjectionwasmostcommonforhydromorphone andmorphine.Inage-,gender-,andrace-adjustedanalyses,ruralparticipantshadsignificantlyhigheroddsof snortinghydrocodone,OxyContin?,andoxycodonethanurbanparticipants.Urbanparticipantshadsignificantly higheroddsofswallowinghydrocodoneandoxycodonethandidruralparticipants.Notably,amongrural participants,67%ofhydromorphoneusersand63%ofmorphineusershadinjectedthedrugs. Conclusions:AlternativeROAarecommonamongruraldrugusers.Thisfindinghasimplicationsforrural substanceabusetreatmentandharmreduction,inwhichinterventionsshouldincorporatemethodstoprevent andreduceroute-specifichealthcomplicationsofdruguse. Background Virginia [5,6]. The health consequences of nonmedical Therehasbeenameteori