Routes to Nanoparticle-Polymer Superlattices 英文参考文献.docVIP

Polymers 2011, 3, 662-673; doi:10.3390/polym3020662 OPEN ACCESS polymers ISSN 2073-4360 /journal/polymers Review Routes to Nanoparticle-Polymer Superlattices Sara Mehdizadeh Taheri, Steffen Fischer and Stephan F?rster * Physikalische Chemie I, Universit?t Bayreuth, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany; E-Mails: Sara.Mehdizadeh.Taheri@chemie.uni-hamburg.de (S.M.T.); fischers@chemie.uni-hamburg.de (S.F.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: stephan.foerster@uni-bayreuth.de; Tel.: +49-921-55-2760; Fax: +49-921-55-2780. Received: 28 January 2011 / Accepted: 28 February 2011 / Published: 24 March 2011 Abstract: Nanoparticles can self-assemble into highly ordered two- and three-dimensional superlattices. For many practical applications these assemblies need to be integrated into polymeric matrices to provide stability and function. By appropriate co-assembly of nanoparticles and polymers it has become possible to tailor the nanoparticle superlattice structure via the length and stiffness of the polymer chains. The present article outlines and discusses established routes to nanoparticle-polymer superlattices. Recent progress has been remarkable so that the integration into functional devices has become the next challenge. Keywords: nanoparticles; block copolymers; self-assembly 1. Introduction Nanoparticles can self-assemble into ordered superlattices leading to the formation of two-dimensional highly ordered monolayers [1] or three-dimensional microcrystals (Figure 1) [2,3]. For many applications the use of bare nanoparticle assemblies is, however, unsuitable. Although free-standing nanoparticle monolayers over dimensions of micrometers have been shown to be stable [4], the stability generally needs to be considerably improved. To provide stability and function, it would be highly desirable to integrate nanoparticle superlattices into polymeric matrices [5]. By appro