Schizophrenic forever young 英文参考文献.docVIP

Frida Baldi et al. Genome Medicine 2010,2:32 /content/2/5/32 MINIREVIEW Schizophrenic: forever young? Benedetta Frida Baldi , Christine Hoyer and Nicolas Le Novère* ? ? got its current name in 1908 from Eugen Bleuler, who Abstract classi?ed the symptoms into the so-called four ‘A’s categories: blunted ‘a?ect’, loosening of ‘associations’, ‘ambivalence’ and ‘autism’. Modern diagnosis of schizo- phrenia is based on the World Health Organization classi?cation (ICD-10) [3] or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) [4]. ese classi?cations are grounded in the classi?cation provided by Kurt Schneider in 1959, with no direct Schizophrenia is a multifactorial complex disease with a large impact on society. Many hypotheses have been proposed over the years to explain its causes, and genomics and functional genomic approaches may shed light on the reason behind these controversies and discrepancies. We give an overview of several approaches that have been used to identify the genetic causes and molecular phenotypes of the disease. We focus on a recent microarray analysis by Torkamani and colleagues on the evolution of regulatory networks in normal and schizophrenic brains. Combining the conclusion of that study with the prevalent hypotheses of schizophrenia, we suggest that the schizophrenic brain might resemble a juvenile brain. correlation between symptoms and physiological evidence of the disease [5]. A revision of the characteristic symptoms and classi?cation of schizophrenia is now in progress, and DSM-V will be published in 2013. However, diagnosis will still rely on the subjective judgment of a patient’s behavior and experience, aided by the observed response to drug treatment as an additional indicator. e symptoms of schizophrenia are classi?ed in t