Satellite Remote Sensing in Seismology. A Review 英文参考文献.docVIP

Remote Sens. 2010, 2, 124-150; doi:10.3390/rs2010124 OPEN ACCESS Remote Sensing ISSN 2072-4292 /journal/remotesensing Review Satellite Remote Sensing in Seismology. A Review Andrew A. Tronin Scientific Research Centre for Ecological Safety, Russian Academy of Sciences, 18, Korpusnaya st., St-Petersburg, 197110, Russia; E-Mail: a.a.tronin@ecosafety-spb.ru; Tel: +7-812-230-7834; Fax: +7-812-235-4361 Received: 15 October 2009; in revised form: 18 December 2009 / Accepted: 23 December 2009 / Published: 30 December 2009 Abstract: A wide range of satellite methods is applied now in seismology. The first applications of satellite data for earthquake exploration were initiated in the ‘70s, when active faults were mapped on satellite images. It was a pure and simple extrapolation of airphoto geological interpretation methods into space. The modern embodiment of this method is alignment analysis. Time series of alignments on the Earths surface are investigated before and after the earthquake. A further application of satellite data in seismology is related with geophysical methods. Electromagnetic methods have about the same long history of application for seismology. Stable statistical estimations of ionosphere-lithosphere relation were obtained based on satellite ionozonds. The most successful current project DEMETER shows impressive results. Satellite thermal infra-red data were applied for earthquake research in the next step. Numerous results have confirmed previous observations of thermal anomalies on the Earths surface prior to earthquakes. A modern trend is the application of the outgoing long-wave radiation for earthquake research. In ‘80s a new technology—satellite radar interferometry—opened a new page. Spectacular pictures of co-seismic deformations were presented. Current researches are moving in the direction of pre